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. 2023 Jul 10;13(1):11116.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38374-5.

Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from raw poultry meat: frequency and molecular characteristics

Tohid Piri-Gharaghie  1 , Ghazal Ghajari  2 , Shakiba Tolou-Shikhzadeh-Yazdi  3 , Mona Aghassizadeh-Sherbaf  4 , Sahar Khorsand-Dehkordi  5
Affiliations

Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from raw poultry meat: frequency and molecular characteristics

Tohid Piri-Gharaghie et al. Sci Rep. .

Retraction in

Abstract

Even though Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a serious pathogen, its origin is unknown. Poultry (Chicken, Turkey, Quebec, Goose, and Ostrich) are consumed as a regular protein source by a large number of people across the world; therefore, sanitary ways of delivering poultry for food are important for global health. As a result, we looked at the distribution of the pathogenicity cagA, vacA, babA2, oipA, and iceA in H. pylori isolates in poultry meat, as well as their antimicrobial resistance. Wilkins Chalgren anaerobic bacterial medium was used to cultivate 320 raw poultry specimens. Disk diffusion and Multiplex-PCR were used to investigate antimicrobial resistance and genotyping patterns, separately. H. pylori was found in 20 of 320 (6.25%) raw poultry samples. The highest incidence of H. pylori was found in chicken raw meat (15%), whereas the fewest was found in Goose and Quebec (0.00%). Resistance to ampicillin (85%), tetracycline (85%), and amoxicillin (75%) were greatest in H. pylori isolates. The percentage of H. pylori isolates with a MAR value of more than 0.2 was 17/20 (85%). The most prevalent genotypes discovered were VacA s1a (75%), m1a (75%), s2 (70%) and m2 (65%), and cagA (60%). The most typically discovered genotype patterns were s1am1a (45%), s2m1a (45%), and s2m2 (30%). BabA2, OipA + , and OipA- genotypes were found in 40%, 30%, and 30% of the population. In summary, the poultry flesh was polluted by H. pylori, with the babA2, vacA, and cagA genotypes being more prevalent. The simultaneous occurrence of vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA, and babA2 genotypes in antibiotic-resistant H. pylori bacteria implies a serious public health concern about raw poultry eating. In the future, researchers should look into H. pylori's resistance to multiple antibacterial drugs in Iran.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Meat and gizzard samples were collected from chicken, turkey, Quebec, goose, and ostrich from Shahrekord farms.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gel electrophoresis for the DNA products of each gene. 1: 16SrRNA, 2: VacA s1a, 3: VacA s1c, 4: VacA s1b, 5: VacA s2, 6: VacA m1a, 7: VacA m1b, 8: VacA m2, 9: CagA, 10: IceA1, 11: IceA2, 12: OipA, 13: BabA2, NC: negative control for PCR, M: 100 bp DNA ladder.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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