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. 2023 Apr 29;15(9):2144.
doi: 10.3390/nu15092144.

Polygenic Risk Score, Lifestyles, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Prospective Chinese Cohort Study

Jia Liu  1 , Lu Wang  1 , Xuan Cui  2 , Qian Shen  1 , Dun Wu  3 , Man Yang  1 , Yunqiu Dong  1 , Yongchao Liu  1 , Hai Chen  1 , Zhijie Yang  1 , Yaqi Liu  1 , Meng Zhu  2 , Hongxia Ma  2 , Guangfu Jin  2 , Yun Qian  1
Affiliations

Polygenic Risk Score, Lifestyles, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Prospective Chinese Cohort Study

Jia Liu et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The aim of this study was to generate a polygenic risk score (PRS) for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and test whether it could be used in identifying high-risk individuals for lifestyle intervention in a Chinese cohort. We genotyped 80 genetic variants among 5024 participants without non-communicable diseases at baseline in the Wuxi Non-Communicable Diseases cohort (Wuxi NCDs cohort). During the follow-up period of 14 years, 440 cases of T2D were newly diagnosed. Using Cox regression, we found that the PRS of 46 SNPs identified by the East Asians was relevant to the future T2D. Participants with a high PRS (top quintile) had a two-fold higher risk of T2D than the bottom quintile (hazard ratio: 2.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.42-2.97). Lifestyle factors were considered, including cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, diet, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Among high-PRS individuals, the 10-year incidence of T2D slumped from 6.77% to 3.28% for participants having ideal lifestyles (4-6 healthy lifestyle factors) compared with poor lifestyles (0-2 healthy lifestyle factors). When integrating the high PRS, the 10-year T2D risk of low-clinical-risk individuals exceeded that of high-clinical-risk individuals with a low PRS (3.34% vs. 2.91%). These findings suggest that the PRS of 46 SNPs could be used in identifying high-risk individuals and improve the risk stratification defined by traditional clinical risk factors for T2D. Healthy lifestyles can reduce the risk of a high PRS, which indicates the potential utility in early screening and precise prevention.

Keywords: cohort; lifestyle; polygenic risk score; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Eastern Asian PRS and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Incidence rate and risk of type 2 diabetes in different genetic risk and lifestyle groups in Wuxi NCDs cohort during 14-year follow-up.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Ten-year risk of type 2 diabetes in different clinical risk scores and genetic risk groups.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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