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Meta-Analysis
. 2023 Nov;11(6):1297-1307.
doi: 10.1007/s43390-023-00723-9. Epub 2023 Jul 11.

Vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Megan J Roser  1   2 , Geoffrey N Askin  3   4 , Robert D Labrom  3   4 , Syeda Farah Zahir  5 , Maree Izatt  3   4 , J Paige Little  4
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Megan J Roser et al. Spine Deform. 2023 Nov.

Abstract

Purpose: Vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a recent procedure to correct and reduce spinal curves in skeletally immature patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the expected curve reduction and potential complications for adolescent patients after VBT.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases were searched until February 2022. Records were screened against pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data sources were prospective and retrospective studies. Demographics, mean differences in Cobb angle, surgical details and complication rates were recorded. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.

Results: This systematic review includes 19 studies, and the meta-analysis includes 16 of these. VBT displayed a statistically significant reduction in Cobb angle from pre-operative to final (minimum 2 years) measurements. The initial mean Cobb angle was 47.8° (CI 95% 42.9-52.7°) and decreased to 22.2° (CI 95% 19.9-24.5°). The mean difference is - 25.8° (CI 95% - 28.9-22.7) (p < 0.01). The overall complication rate was 23% (CI 95% 14.4-31.6%), the most common complication was tether breakage 21.9% (CI 95% 10.6-33.1%). The spinal fusion rate was 7.2% (CI 95% 2.3-12.1%).

Conclusion: VBT results in a significant reduction of AIS at 2 years of follow-up. Overall complication rate was relatively high although the consequences of the complications are unknown. Further research is required to explore the reasons behind the complication rate and determine the optimal timing for the procedure. VBT remains a promising new procedure that is effective at reducing scoliotic curves and preventing spinal fusion in the majority of patients.

Level of evidence: Systematic review of Therapeutic Studies with evidence level II-IV.

Keywords: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; Orthopaedics; Surgery; Systematic review; Vertebral body tethering.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare they have no financial interests. Dr Roser’s Masters of Philosophy is sponsored by Queensland X-ray.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart for article selection.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Graph of Cobb angle change
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Funnel plot to assess for publication bias
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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