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. 2023 Jul 11;7(7):CD013603.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013603.pub2.

Healthcare workers' perceptions and experiences of primary healthcare integration: a scoping review of qualitative evidence

Hlengiwe Moloi  1 , Karen Daniels  2 , Carrie Brooke-Sumner  3 , Sara Cooper  4   5   6 , Willem A Odendaal  7   8 , Marguerite Thorne  2 , Eliud Akama  9   10 , Natalie Leon  1   11
Affiliations

Healthcare workers' perceptions and experiences of primary healthcare integration: a scoping review of qualitative evidence

Hlengiwe Moloi et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Update in

Abstract
in English, Korean

Background: Primary healthcare (PHC) integration has been promoted globally as a tool for health sector reform and universal health coverage (UHC), especially in low-resource settings. However, for a range of reasons, implementation and impact remain variable. PHC integration, at its simplest, can be considered a way of delivering PHC services together that sometimes have been delivered as a series of separate or 'vertical' health programmes. Healthcare workers are known to shape the success of implementing reform interventions. Understanding healthcare worker perceptions and experiences of PHC integration can therefore provide insights into the role healthcare workers play in shaping implementation efforts and the impact of PHC integration. However, the heterogeneity of the evidence base complicates our understanding of their role in shaping the implementation, delivery, and impact of PHC integration, and the role of contextual factors influencing their responses.

Objectives: To map the qualitative literature on healthcare workers' perceptions and experiences of PHC integration to characterise the evidence base, with a view to better inform future syntheses on the topic.

Search methods: We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was 28 July 2020. We did not search for grey literature due to the many published records identified.

Selection criteria: We included studies with qualitative and mixed methods designs that reported on healthcare worker perceptions and experiences of PHC integration from any country. We excluded settings other than PHC and community-based health care, participants other than healthcare workers, and interventions broader than healthcare services. We used translation support from colleagues and Google Translate software to screen non-English records. Where translation was not feasible we categorised these records as studies awaiting classification.

Data collection and analysis: For data extraction, we used a customised data extraction form containing items developed using inductive and deductive approaches. We performed independent extraction in duplicate for a sample on 10% of studies allowed for sufficient agreement to be reached between review authors. We analysed extracted data quantitatively by counting the number of studies per indicator and converting these into proportions with additional qualitative descriptive information. Indicators included descriptions of study methods, country setting, intervention type, scope and strategies, implementing healthcare workers, and client target population.

Main results: The review included 184 studies for analysis based on 191 included papers. Most studies were published in the last 12 years, with a sharp increase in the last five years. Studies mostly employed methods with cross-sectional qualitative design (mainly interviews and focus group discussions), and few used longitudinal or ethnographic (or both) designs. Studies covered 37 countries, with close to an even split in the proportions of high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There were gaps in the geographical spread for both HICs and LMICs and some countries were more dominant, such as the USA for HICs, South Africa for middle-income countries, and Uganda for low-income countries. Methods were mainly cross-sectional observational studies with few longitudinal studies. A minority of studies used an analytical conceptual model to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of the integration study. The main finding was the various levels of diversity found in the evidence base on PHC integration studies that examined healthcare workers' perceptions and experiences. The review identified six different configurations of health service streams that were being integrated and these were categorised as: mental and behavioural health; HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and sexual reproductive health; maternal, women, and child health; non-communicable diseases; and two broader categories, namely general PHC services, and allied and specialised services. Within the health streams, the review mapped the scope of the interventions as full or partial integration. The review mapped the use of three different integration strategies and categorised these as horizontal integration, service expansion, and service linkage strategies. The wide range of healthcare workers who participated in the implementation of integration interventions was mapped and these included policymakers, senior managers, middle and frontline managers, clinicians, allied healthcare professionals, lay healthcare workers, and health system support staff. We mapped the range of client target populations.

Authors' conclusions: This scoping review provides a systematic, descriptive overview of the heterogeneity in qualitative literature on healthcare workers' perceptions and experience of PHC integration, pointing to diversity with regard to country settings; study types; client populations; healthcare worker populations; and intervention focus, scope, and strategies. It would be important for researchers and decision-makers to understand how the diversity in PHC integration intervention design, implementation, and context may influence how healthcare workers shape PHC integration impact. The classification of studies on the various dimensions (e.g. integration focus, scope, strategy, and type of healthcare workers and client populations) can help researchers to navigate the way the literature varies and for specifying potential questions for future qualitative evidence syntheses.

배경: 1차 의료(PHC) 통합은 특히 자원이 부족한 환경에서 의료 부문 개혁 및 보편적 의료 보장(UHC)을 위한 도구로 전 세계적으로 추진되었다. 그러나 여러 가지 이유로 구현 및 영향은 가변적이다. PHC 통합은 가장 간단하게 일련의 개별 또는 '수직적' 건강 프로그램으로 제공되는 PHC 서비스를 함께 제공하는 방법으로 간주될 수 있다. 의료 종사자들은 개혁 중재의 성공을 형성하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 PHC 통합에 대한 의료 종사자의 인식과 경험을 이해하면 의료 종사자가 PHC 통합의 구현 노력과 영향을 형성하는 역할에 대한 통찰력을 얻을 수 있다. 그러나 근거 기반의 이질성은 PHC 통합의 구현, 전달 및 영향을 형성하는 역할과 응답에 영향을 미치는 상황적 요인의 역할에 대한 이해를 복잡하게 만듭니다. 목적: PHC 통합에 대한 의료 종사자의 인식과 경험에 대한 질적 문헌을 매핑하여 해당 주제에 대한 향후 합성에 더 나은 정보를 제공하기 위해 근거 기반을 특성화한다. 검색 전략: 표준적이고 광범위한 코크란 검색 방법을 사용했다. 최근 검색 날짜는 2020년 7월 28일이었다. 많은 출판된 기록이 확인되었기 때문에 회색 문헌을 검색하지 않았다. 선정 기준: 모든 국가의 PHC 통합에 대한 의료 종사자의 인식과 경험에 대해 보고한 정성적 및 혼합 방법 설계 연구를 포함했다. PHC 및 지역사회 기반 건강 관리 이외의 환경, 의료 종사자 이외의 참여자, 의료 서비스보다 광범위한 중재은 제외했다. 동료의 번역 지원과 Google 번역 소프트웨어를 사용하여 비영어 기록을 선별했다. 번역이 불가능할 경우 이러한 기록을 분류 대기 중인 연구로 분류했다. 자료 수집 및 분석: 데이터 추출을 위해 귀납적 접근과 연역적 접근을 사용하여 개발된 항목을 포함하는 맞춤형 데이터 추출 양식을 사용했다. 검토 저자 간에 충분한 합의에 도달할 수 있도록 허용된 연구의 10%에 대한 샘플에 대해 중복으로 독립적인 추출을 수행했다. 추출된 데이터는 지표별 연구 수를 세고 추가 정성적 설명 정보와 함께 비율로 변환하여 정량적으로 분석했다. 지표에는 연구 방법, 국가 설정, 중재 유형, 범위 및 전략, 의료 종사자 구현 및 고객 대상 인구에 대한 설명이 포함되었다. 주요 결과: 검토에는 191개의 포함된 논문을 기반으로 분석을 위한 184개의 연구가 포함되었다. 대부분의 연구는 지난 12년 동안 발표되었으며 지난 5년 동안 급격히 증가했다. 연구는 주로 단면적 질적 디자인(주로 인터뷰 및 포커스 그룹 토론)을 사용하는 방법을 사용했으며 종단적 또는 민족지학적(또는 둘 다) 디자인을 거의 사용하지 않았다. 연구는 고소득 국가(HIC)와 저소득 및 중간 소득 국가(LMIC)의 비율이 거의 균등하게 분할된 37개국을 대상으로 했다. HIC와 LMIC 모두 지리적 분포에 차이가 있었고 HIC의 경우 미국, 중간 소득 국가의 경우 남아프리카, 저소득 국가의 경우 우간다와 같은 일부 국가가 더 우세했다. 방법은 주로 종단 연구가 거의 없는 단면 관찰 연구였다. 소수의 연구는 통합 연구의 설계, 구현 및 평가를 안내하기 위해 분석적 개념 모델을 사용했다. 주요 발견은 의료 종사자의 인식과 경험을 조사한 PHC 통합 연구의 근거 기반에서 발견된 다양한 수준의 다양성이었다. 검토에서는 통합되고 있는 의료 서비스 흐름의 6가지 다른 구성을 식별했으며 이들은 다음과 같이 분류되었다. 정신 및 행동 건강; HIV, 결핵(TB) 및 성 생식 건강; 산모, 여성 및 어린이 건강; 비전염성 질병; 일반 PHC 서비스와 연합 및 전문 서비스라는 두 가지 더 넓은 범주가 있다. 건강 스트림 내에서 검토는 중재 범위를 전체 또는 부분 통합으로 매핑했다. 검토에서는 세 가지 통합 전략의 사용을 매핑하고 이를 수평 통합, 서비스 확장 및 서비스 연계 전략으로 분류했다. 통합 중재의 구현에 참여한 광범위한 의료 종사자들이 매핑되었으며 여기에는 정책 입안자, 고위 관리자, 중간 및 일선 관리자, 임상의, 연합 의료 전문가, 일반 의료 종사자 및 의료 시스템 지원 직원이 포함되었다. 고객 대상 집단의 범위를 매핑했다. 연구진 결론: 이 범위 검토는 국가 설정, 연구 유형, 고객 인구, 의료 종사자 인구, 그리고 중재 초점, 범위 및 전략에 관한 다양성을 지적하면서 PHC 통합에 대한 의료 종사자의 인식과 경험에 대한 질적 문헌의 이질성에 대한 체계적이고 설명적인 개요를 제공한다. 연구자와 의사 결정자는 PHC 통합 중재 설계, 구현 및 맥락의 다양성이 의료 종사자가 PHC 통합 영향을 형성하는 방식에 어떻게 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 다양한 차원(예: 통합 초점, 범위, 전략, 의료 종사자 및 고객 집단의 유형)에 대한 연구 분류는 연구자가 문헌이 다양한 방식을 탐색하고 미래의 질적 근거 합성에 대한 잠재적 질문을 지정하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다.

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Conflict of interest statement

HM: no financial conflict

KD: no financial conflict

CB‐S: no financial conflict

SC: no financial conflict

MT: no financial conflict

WO: no financial conflict

EA: no financial conflict

NL: no financial conflict

Several non‐financial issues, including personal, political, and academic factors, could have influenced the review authors' input when conducting this review. The review authors have discussed this further in the sections on reflexivity in the Methods section.

Figures

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Figure 1: PRISMA flow diagram
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Number of publications by date
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Geographic distribution and number of studies per country
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Research participant categories per number of studies
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Health service streams for integration interventions
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Health service streams for integration per country income level
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Scope of the integration interventions
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Integration strategies within full and partial integration scope
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Integration scope used within different health service streams
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Conceptual models used in studies
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    1. Blasi PR, Cromp D, McDonald S, Hsu C, Coleman K, Flinter M, et al. Approaches to behavioral health integration at high performing primary care practices. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 2018;31(5):691-701. [DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2018.05.170468] - DOI - PubMed
Bradley 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bradley F, Elvey R, Ashcroft DM, Hassell K, Kendall J, Sibbald B, et al. The challenge of integrating community pharmacists into the primary health care team: a case study of local pharmaceutical services (LPS) pilots and interprofessional collaboration. Journal of Interprofessional Care 2008;22(4):387-98. [DOI: 10.1080/13561820802137005] - DOI - PubMed
Brooks 2020 {published data only}
    1. Brooks EM, Tong S. Implementing office-based opioid treatment models in primary care. Journal of American Board of Family Medicine 2020;33(4):512-20. [DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2020.04.190240] - DOI - PubMed
Burgess 2016 {published data only}
    1. Burgess RA. Policy, power, stigma and silence: exploring the complexities of a primary mental health care model in a rural South African setting. Transcultural Psychiatry 2016;53(6):719-42. [DOI: 10.1177/1363461516679056] - DOI - PubMed
Busch 2013 {published data only}
    1. Busch V, Stel HF, De Leeuw JRJ, Melhuish E, Schrijvers AJ. Multidisciplinary integrated parent and child centres in Amsterdam: a qualitative study. International Journal of Integrated Care 2013;13:e013. [DOI: 10.5334/ijic.887] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Busetto 2015 {published data only}
    1. Busetto L, Luijkx K, Huizing A, Vrijhoef B. Implementation of integrated care for diabetes mellitus type 2 by two Dutch care groups: a case study. BMC Family Practice 2015;16:105. [DOI: 10.1186/s12875-015-0320-z] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Butler 2018 {published data only}
    1. Butler DJ, Fons D, Fisher T, Sanders J, Bodenhamer S, Owen JR, et al. A review of the benefits and limitations of a primary care-embedded psychiatric consultation service in a medically underserved setting. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 2018;53(5-6):415-26. [DOI: 10.1177/0091217418791456] - DOI - PubMed
Carman 2019 {published data only}
    1. Carman AL, Vanderpool RC, Stradtman LR, Edmiston EA. A change-management approach to closing care gaps in a federally qualified health center: a rural Kentucky case study. Preventing Chronic Disease 2019;16:E105. [DOI: 10.5888/pcd16.180589] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Church 2015 {published data only}
    1. Church K, Wringe A, Lewin S, Ploubidis GB, Fakudze P, Integra Initiative, et al. Exploring the feasibility of service integration in a low-income setting: a mixed methods investigation into different models of reproductive health and HIV care in Swaziland. PLOS One 2015;10(5):e0126144. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126144] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Cifuentes 2015 {published data only}
    1. Cifuentes M, Davis M, Fernald D, Gunn R, Dickinson P, Cohen DJ. Electronic health record challenges, workarounds, and solutions observed in practices integrating behavioral health and primary care. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 2015;28(Suppl 1):S63-72. [DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.S1.150133] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Clark 2017 {published data only}
    1. Clark KD, Miller BF, Green LA, Gruy FV, Davis M, Cohen DJ. Implementation of behavioral health interventions in real world scenarios: managing complex change. Families, Systems, & Health 2017;35(1):36-45. [DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000239] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Cole 2015 {published data only}
    1. Cole AM, Esplin A, Baldwin LM. Adaptation of an evidence-based colorectal cancer screening program using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Preventing Chronic Disease 2015;12:E213. [DOI: 10.5888/pcd12.150300] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Cooper 2020 {published data only}
    1. Cooper CM, Wille J, Shire S, Makoko S, Tsega A, Schuster A, et al. Integrated family planning and immunization service delivery at health facility and community sites in Dowa and Ntchisi districts of Malawi: a mixed methods process evaluation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020;17(12):4530. [DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124530] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Davis 2015 {published data only}
    1. Davis MM, Balasubramanian BA, Cifuentes M, Hall J, Gunn R, Fernald D, et al. Clinician staffing, scheduling, and engagement strategies among primary care practices delivering integrated care. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 2015;28(Suppl 1):S32-40. [DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.S1.150087] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Dayton 2019 {published data only}
    1. Dayton R, Alvarez B, Morales GJ, Rojas Almonte J, Faccini M, Gomes B, et al. Assessing an inclusive model to increase access to comprehensive gender-based violence response services and improve HIV outcomes in Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic. Culture, Health & Sexuality 2019;22(9):1001-17. [DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1647556] - DOI - PubMed
De Lusignan 2020 {published data only}
    1. De Lusignan S, Hoang U, Liyanage H, Tripathy M, Yonova I, Byford R, et al. Integrating molecular point-of-care testing for influenza into primary care: a mixed-methods feasibility study. British Journal of General Practice 2020;70(697):e555-62. [DOI: 10.3399/bjgp20X710897] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
De Nóbrega 2014 {published data only}
    1. De Nóbrega de Andrade RM, Montenegro de Albuquerque A, Freitas Maia JK, Pinto MB, Carvalho de Brito Santos NC. Difficulties in the implementation of the national policy of integrated health care of man. Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude 2014;13(5):642-9. [DOI: 10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v13i4.18420] - DOI
Derrett 2014 {published data only}
    1. Derrett S, Gunter KE, Nocon RS, Quinn MT, Coleman K, Daniel DM, et al. How 3 rural safety net clinics integrate care for patients: a qualitative case study. Medical Care 2014;52(11 Suppl 4):S39-47. [DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000191] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Donnelly 2013 {published data only}
    1. Donnelly C, Brenchley C, Crawford C, Letts L. The integration of occupational therapy into primary care: a multiple case study design. BMC Family Practice 2013;14:60. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-60] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Douglas 2017 {published data only}
    1. Douglas HE, Georgiou A, Tariq A, Prgomet M, Warland A, Armour P, et al. Implementing information and communication technology to support community aged care service integration: lessons from an Australian aged care provider. International Journal of Integrated Care 2017;17(1):9. [DOI: 10.5334/ijic.2437] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Duma 2019 {published data only}
    1. Duma SE, Ngala LC. Nurses' practice of integration of HIV prevention and sexual and reproductive health services in Ntcheu District, Malawi. Curationis 2019;42(1):e1-7. [DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v42i1.1919] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Dunbar 2018 {published data only}
    1. Dunbar MS, Towe VL, Ayer L, Martineau M. Connections to Care (C2C): the perspectives of leaders at community-based organizations that are integrating mental health supports. Rand Health Quarterly 2018;7(4):7. - PMC - PubMed
Edelman 2016 {published data only}
    1. Edelman EJ, Hansen NB, Cutter CJ, Danton C, Fiellin LE, O'Connor PG, et al. Implementation of integrated stepped care for unhealthy alcohol use in HIV clinics. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice 2016;11(1):1. [DOI: 10.1186/s13722-015-0048-z] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Fitzpatrick 2017 {published data only}
    1. Fitzpatrick SJ, Perkins D, Luland T, Brown D, Corvan E. The effect of context in rural mental health care: understanding integrated services in a small town. Health & Place 2017;45:70-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.03.004] - DOI - PubMed
Fitzpatrick 2018 {published data only}
    1. Fitzpatrick SJ, Perkins D, Handley T, Brown D, Luland T, Corvan E. Coordinating mental and physical health care in rural Australia: an integrated model for primary care settings. International Journal of Integrated Care 2018;18(2):19. [DOI: 10.5334/ijic.3943] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Fleury 2016 {published data only}
    1. Fleury MJ, Grenier G, Vallee C, Aube D, Farand L, Bamvita JM, et al. Implementation of the Quebec mental health reform (2005–2015). BMC Health Services Research 2016;16(1):586. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1832-5] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Fong 2019 {published data only}
    1. Fong HF, Tamene M, Morley DS, Morris A, Estela MG, Singerman A, et al. Perceptions of the implementation of pediatric behavioral health integration in 3 community health centers. Clinical Pediatrics 2019;58(11-12):1201-11. [DOI: 10.1177/0009922819867454] - DOI - PubMed
Foster 2009 {published data only}
    1. Foster MM, Cornwell PL, Fleming JM, Mitchell GK, Tweedy SM, Hart AL, et al. Better than nothing? Restrictions and realities of enhanced primary care for allied health practitioners. Australian Journal of Primary Health 2009;15(4):326-34. [DOI: 10.1071/PY08065] - DOI
Foster 2016 {published data only}
    1. Foster M, Burridge L, Donald M, Zhang J, Jackson C. The work of local healthcare innovation: a qualitative study of GP-led integrated diabetes care in primary health care organization, structure and delivery of healthcare. BMC Health Services Research 2016;16:11. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1270-4] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Gadomski 2014 {published data only}
    1. Gadomski AM, Wissow LS, Palinkas L, Hoagwood KE, Daly JM, Kaye DL. Encouraging and sustaining integration of child mental health into primary care: interviews with primary care providers participating in Project TEACH (CAPES and CAP PC) in NY. General Hospital Psychiatry 2014;36(6):555-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.05.013] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Gavin 2008 {published data only}
    1. Gavin B, Cullen W, Foley S, McWilliams S, Turner N, O'Callaghan E, et al. Integrating primary care and early intervention in psychosis services: a general practitioner perspective. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 2008;2(2):103-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2008.00065.x] - DOI - PubMed
Gear 2016 {published data only}
    1. Gear C, Koziol-McLain J, Wilson D, Clark F. Developing a response to family violence in primary health care: the New Zealand experience. BMC Family Practice 2016;17(1):115. [DOI: 10.1186/s12875-016-0508-x] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Geelhoed 2013 {published data only}
    1. Geelhoed D, Lafort Y, Chissale E, Candrinho B, Degomme O. Integrated maternal and child health services in Mozambique: structural health system limitations overshadow its effect on follow-up of HIV-exposed infants. BMC Health Services Research 2013;13:207. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-207] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Gerber 2018 {published data only}
    1. Gerber O. Practitioners' experience of the integration of mental health into primary health care in the West Rand District, South Africa. Journal of Mental Health 2018;27(2):135-41. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1340604] - DOI - PubMed
Gerrish 1999 {published data only}
    1. Gerrish K. Teamwork in primary care: an evaluation of the contribution of integrated nursing teams. Health & Social Care in the Community 1999;7(5):367-75. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2524.1999.00199.x] - DOI - PubMed
Ghorbani 2018 {published data only}
    1. Ghorbani Z, Pakkhesal M, Arshi S, Eghbal MJ, Deghatipour M, Tennant M, et al. Challenges impeding integration of oral health into primary health care. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2018;23(12):802-8. [DOI: 10.26719/2017.23.12.802] - DOI - PubMed
Glasgow 2012 {published data only}
    1. Glasgow RE, Kurz D, Dickman JM, Osuna D, Strycker L, King DK. Linking internet-based diabetes self-management to primary care: lessons learned and implications for research translation and practice implementation. Translational Behavioral Medicine 2012;2(3):313-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s13142-012-0109-8] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Greene 2016 {published data only}
    1. Greene CA, Ford JD, Ward-Zimmerman B, Honigfeld L, Pidano AE. Strengthening the coordination of pediatric mental health and medical care: piloting a collaborative model for freestanding practices. Child & Youth Care Forum 2016;45(5):729-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-016-9354-1] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Gucciardi 2016 {published data only}
    1. Gucciardi E, Espin S, Morganti A, Dorado L. Exploring interprofessional collaboration during the integration of diabetes teams into primary care. BMC Family Practice 2016;17:12. [DOI: 10.1186/s12875-016-0407-1] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Gunn 2015 {published data only}
    1. Gunn R, Davis MM, Hall J, Heintzman J, Muench J, Smeds B, et al. Designing clinical space for the delivery of integrated behavioral health and primary care. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 2015;28(Suppl 1):S52-62. [DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.S1.150053] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Haddow 2007 {published data only}
    1. Haddow G, O'Donnell CA, Heaney D. Stakeholder perspectives on new ways of delivering unscheduled health care: the role of ownership and organizational identity. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 2007;13(2):179-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00667.x] - DOI - PubMed
Harnagea 2018 {published data only}
    1. Harnagea H, Lamothe L, Couturier Y, Emami E. How primary health care teams perceive the integration of oral health care into their practice: a qualitative study. PLOS One 2018;13(10):e0205465. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205465] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Hepworth 2015 {published data only}
    1. Hepworth J, Askew D, Foley W, Duthie D, Shuter P, Combo M, et al. How an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health care service improved access to mental health care. International Journal for Equity in Health 2015;14:51. [DOI: 10.1186/s12939-015-0183-x] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Hlongwa 2019 {published data only}
    1. Hlongwa EN, Sibiya MN. A practice framework to enhance the implementation of the Policy on Integration of Mental Health Care into primary health care in KwaZulu-Natal province. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 2019;11(1):e1-8. [DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v11i1.1865] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Hunter 2018 {published data only}
    1. Hunter SB, Ober AJ, McCullough CM, Storholm ED, Iyiewuare PO, Pham C, et al. Sustaining alcohol and opioid use disorder treatment in primary care: a mixed methods study. Implementation Science 2018;13(1):83. [DOI: 10.1186/s13012-018-0777-y] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ion 2017 {published data only}
    1. Ion A, Sunderji N, Jansz G, Ghavam-Rassoul A. Understanding integrated mental health care in "real-world" primary care settings: what matters to health care providers and clients for evaluation and improvement? Families, Systems, & Health 2017;35(3):271-82. [DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000294] - DOI - PubMed
Jacobs 2012 {published data only}
    1. Jacobs B, Lindelow M, Xayyavong P, Sackett P. Building on community outreach for childhood vaccination to deliver maternal and child health services in Laos: a feasibility assessment. Reproductive Health Matters 2012;20(40):112-21. [DOI: 10.1016/S0968-8080(12)40649-8] - DOI - PubMed
Jauregui 2016 {published data only}
    1. Jauregui ML, Silvestre C, Valdes P, Gaminde I. Qualitative evaluation of the implementation of an integrated care delivery model for chronic patients with multi-morbidity in the Basque Country. International Journal of Integrated Care 2016;16(3):9. [DOI: 10.5334/ijic.1975] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Jewett 2013 {published data only}
    1. Jewett A, Al-Tayyib AA, Ginnett L, Smith BD. Successful integration of hepatitis C virus point-of-care tests into the Denver Metro Health Clinic. AIDS Research & Treatment 2013;2013:528904. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/528904] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Johnson 2020 {published data only}
    1. Johnson LC, Chwastiak L, Poongothai S, Tandon N, Anjana RM, Aravind S, et al. Adaptations and patient responses to behavioral intervention components in a depression-focused chronic disease care model implemented in India. Translational Behavioral Medicine 2020;10(1):35-45. [DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz192] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Jorgenson 2014 {published data only}
    1. Jorgenson D, Laubscher T, Lyons B, Palmer R. Integrating pharmacists into primary care teams: barriers and facilitators. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2014;22(4):292-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12080] - DOI - PubMed
Kawonga 2016 {published data only}
    1. Kawonga M, Blaauw D, Fonn S. The influence of health system organizational structure and culture on integration of health services: the example of HIV service monitoring in South Africa. Health Policy & Planning 2016;31(9):1270-80. [DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czw061] - DOI - PubMed
Khan 2018 {published data only}
    1. Khan MA, Walley JD, Khan N, Khan MA, Ali S, King R, et al. Delivering integrated hypertension care at private health facilities in urban Pakistan: a process evaluation. BJGP Open 2018;2(4):bjgpopen18X101613. [DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen18X101613] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kirchner 2004 {published data only}
    1. Kirchner JE, Cody M, Thrush CR, Sullivan G, Rapp CG. Identifying factors critical to implementation of integrated mental health services in rural VA community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 2004;31(1):13-25. [DOI: 10.1007/BF02287335] - DOI - PubMed
Lane 2017 {published data only}
    1. Lane R, Russell G, Bardoel EA, Advocat J, Zwar N, Davies PG, et al. When colocation is not enough: a case study of General Practitioner Super Clinics in Australia. Australian Journal of Primary Health 2017;23(2):107-13. [DOI: 10.1071/PY16039] - DOI - PubMed
Langer 2014 {published data only}
    1. Langer S, Chew-Graham CA, Drinkwater J, Afzal C, Keane K, Hunter C, et al. A motivational intervention for patients with COPD in primary care: qualitative evaluation of a new practitioner role. BMC Family Practice 2014;15:164. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-164] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Lawn 2014 {published data only}
    1. Lawn S, Lloyd A, King A, Sweet L, Gum L. Integration of primary health services: being put together does not mean they will work together. BMC Research Notes 2014;7:66. [DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-66] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Limbani 2019 {published data only}
    1. Limbani F, Thorogood M, Gomez-Olive FX, Kabudula C, Goudge J. Task shifting to improve the provision of integrated chronic care: realist evaluation of a lay health worker intervention in rural South Africa. BMJ Global Health 2019;4(1):e001084. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001084] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Lombard 2009 {published data only}
    1. Lombard F, Proescholdbell RJ, Cooper K, Musselwhite L, Quinlivan EB. Adaptations across clinical sites of an integrated treatment model for persons with HIV and substance abuse. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 2009;23(8):631-8. [DOI: 10.1089/apc.2008.0260] - DOI - PubMed
Lovero 2019 {published data only}
    1. Lovero KL, Lammie SL, Zyl A, Paul SN, Ngwepe P, Mootz JJ, et al. Mixed-methods evaluation of mental healthcare integration into tuberculosis and maternal-child healthcare services of four South African districts. BMC Health Services Research 2019;19(1):83. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-3912-9] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Lucas 2016 {published data only}
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Ma 2018 {published data only}
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    1. Main R, Dunn N, Kendall K. 'Crossing professional boundaries': barriers to the integration of nurse practitioners in primary care. Education for Primary Care 2007;18(4):480-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2007.11493578] - DOI
Malachowski 2019 {published data only}
    1. Malachowski C, Skopyk S, Toth K, MacEachen E. The Integrated Health Hub (IHH) model: the evolution of a community based primary care and mental health centre. Community Mental Health Journal 2019;55(4):578-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0339-4] - DOI - PubMed
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Martin 2018 {published data only}
    1. Martin SL, Wawire V, Ombunda H, Li T, Sklar K, Tzehaie H, et al. Integrating calcium supplementation into facility-based antenatal care services in western Kenya: a qualitative process evaluation to identify implementation barriers and facilitators. Current Developments in Nutrition 2018;2(11):nzy068. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy068] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mathibe 2015 {published data only}
    1. Mathibe MD, Hendricks SJ, Bergh AM. Clinician perceptions and patient experiences of antiretroviral treatment integration in primary health care clinics, Tshwane, South Africa. Curationis 2015;38(1):1489. [DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v38i1.1489] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mayer 2016 {published data only}
    1. Mayer MK, Urlaub DM, Guzman-Corrales LM, Kowitt SD, Shea CM, Fisher EB. "They're doing something that actually no one else can do": a qualitative study of peer support and primary care integration. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 2016;39(1):76-86. [DOI: 10.1097/JAC.0000000000000079] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mayhew 2017 {published data only}
    1. Mayhew SH, Sweeney S, Warren CE, Collumbien M, Ndwiga C, Mutemwa R, et al. Numbers, systems, people: how interactions influence integration. Insights from case studies of HIV and reproductive health services delivery in Kenya. Health Policy & Planning 2017;32(Suppl 4):iv67-81. [DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czx097] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
McGeehan 2007 {published data only}
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McNamara 2020 {published data only}
    1. McNamara KP, Krass I, Peterson GM, Alzubaidi H, Grenfell R, Freedman B, et al. Implementing screening interventions in community pharmacy to promote interprofessional coordination of primary care – a mixed methods evaluation. Research In Social & Administrative Pharmacy 2020;16(2):160-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.04.011] - DOI - PubMed
Meyer‐Kalos 2017 {published data only}
    1. Meyer-Kalos PS, Lee MG, Studer LM, Line TA, Fisher CM. Opportunities for integrating physical health within assertive community treatment teams: results from practitioner focus groups. Community Mental Health Journal 2017;53(3):306-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10597-016-0043-1] - DOI - PubMed
Miguel‐Esponda 2020 {published data only}
    1. Miguel-Esponda G, Bohm-Levine N, Rodríguez-Cuevas FG, Cohen A, Kakuma R. Implementation process and outcomes of a mental health programme integrated in primary care clinics in rural Mexico: a mixed-methods study. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2020;14:21. [DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00346-x] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Mishra A. 'Trust and teamwork matter': community health workers' experiences in integrated service delivery in India. Global Public Health 2014;9(8):960-74. [DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2014.934877] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mugisha 2016 {published data only}
    1. Mugisha J, Ssebunnya J, Kigozi FN. Towards understanding governance issues in integration of mental health into primary health care in Uganda. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2016;10:25. [DOI: 10.1186/s13033-016-0057-7] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mulenga 2019 {published data only}
    1. Mulenga P, Boelaert M, Lutumba P, Vander Kelen C, Coppieters Y, Chenge F, et al. Integration of human African trypanosomiasis control activities into primary health services in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a qualitative study of stakeholder perceptions. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene 2019;100(4):899-906. [DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0382] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Murphy 2018 {published data only}
    1. Murphy J, Corbett KK, Linh DT, Oanh PT, Nguyen VC. Barriers and facilitators to the integration of depression services in primary care in Vietnam: a mixed methods study. BMC Health Services Research 2018;18(1):641. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3416-z] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mutabazi 2020 {published data only}
    1. Mutabazi JC, Gray C, Muhwava L, Trottier H, Ware LJ, Norris S, et al. Integrating the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV into primary healthcare services after AIDS denialism in South Africa: perspectives of experts and health care workers – a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research 2020;20(1):582. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05381-5] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mutemwa 2013 {published data only}
    1. Mutemwa R, Mayhew S, Colombini M, Busza J, Kivunaga J, Ndwiga C. Experiences of health care providers with integrated HIV and reproductive health services in Kenya: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research 2013;13:18. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-18] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mykhalovskiy 2009 {published data only}
    1. Mykhalovskiy E, Patten S, Sanders C, Bailey M, Taylor D. Conceptualizing the integration of HIV treatment and prevention: findings from a process evaluation of a community-based, national capacity-building intervention. International Journal of Public Health 2009;54(3):133-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-009-8078-5] - DOI - PubMed
Ndwiga 2014 {published data only}
    1. Ndwiga C, Abuya T, Mutemwa R, Kimani JK, Colombini M, Mayhew S, et al, Integra Initiative. Exploring experiences in peer mentoring as a strategy for capacity building in sexual reproductive health and HIV service integration in Kenya. BMC Health Services Research 2014;14:98. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-14-98] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Nelson 2019 {published data only}
    1. Nelson AR, Cooper CM, Kamara S, Taylor ND, Zikeh T, Kanneh-Kesselly C, et al. Operationalizing integrated immunization and family planning services in rural Liberia: lessons learned from evaluating service quality and utilization. Global Health Science & Practice 2019;7(3):418-34. [DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-19-00012] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Newell E, Donnell MO. Integrated care: a qualitative study exploring GPs' and practice nurses' experiences of working with the diabetes nurse specialist. Journal of Diabetes Nursing 2018;22(6):46.
Newmann 2013 {published data only}
    1. Newmann SJ, Mishra K, Onono M, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Gage O, et al. Providers' perspectives on provision of family planning to HIV-positive individuals in HIV care in Nyanza Province, Kenya. AIDS Research & Treatment 2013;2013:915923. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/915923] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Newmann 2016 {published data only}
    1. Newmann SJ, Zakaras JM, Tao AR, Onono M, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, et al. Integrating family planning into HIV care in western Kenya: HIV care providers' perspectives and experiences one year following integration. AIDS Care 2016;28(2):209-13. [DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1080791] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Nooteboom 2020 {published data only}
    1. Nooteboom LA, den Driesschen SI, Kuiper CH, Vermeiren Rrjm, Mulder EA. An integrated approach to meet the needs of high-vulnerable families: a qualitative study on integrated care from a professional perspective. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 2020;14:18. [DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-00321-x] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Norfleet 2016 {published data only}
    1. Norfleet KR, Ratzliff AD, Chan YF, Raney LE, Unutzer J. The role of the integrated care psychiatrist in community settings: a survey of psychiatrists' perspectives. Psychiatric Services 2016;67(3):346-9. [DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400592] - DOI - PubMed
Nxumalo 2013 {published data only}
    1. Nxumalo N, Goudge J, Thomas L. Outreach services to improve access to health care in South Africa: lessons from three community health worker programmes. Global Health Action 2013;6:19283. [DOI: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.19283] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Oishi 2003 {published data only}
    1. Oishi SM, Shoai R, Katon W, Callahan C, Unutzer J, Arean P, et al, Improving Mood: Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment Investigators. Impacting late life depression: integrating a depression intervention into primary care. Psychiatric Quarterly 2003;74(1):75-89. [DOI: 10.1023/A:1021197807029] - DOI - PubMed
Ojikutu 2014 {published data only}
    1. Ojikutu B, Holman J, Kunches L, Landers S, Perlmutter D, Ward M, et al. Interdisciplinary HIV care in a changing healthcare environment in the USA. AIDS Care 2014;26(6):731-5. [DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2013.855299] - DOI - PubMed
Okot‐Chono 2009 {published data only}
    1. Okot-Chono R, Mugisha F, Adatu F, Madraa E, Dlodlo R, Fujiwara P. Health system barriers affecting the implementation of collaborative TB-HIV services in Uganda. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2009;13(8):955-61. - PubMed
Oliff 2003 {published data only}
    1. Oliff M, Mayaud P, Brugha R, Semakafu AM. Integrating reproductive health services in a reforming health sector: the case of Tanzania. Reproductive Health Matters 2003;11(21):37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/S0968-8080(03)02174-8] - DOI - PubMed
Patwa 2019 {published data only}
    1. Patwa MC, Bassett J, Holmes L, Mutunga L, Mudavanhu M, Makhomboti T, et al. Integrating safer conception services into primary care: providers' perspectives. BMC Public Health 2019;19(1):532. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6904-0] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Payne 2017 {published data only}
    1. Payne J, Razi S, Emery K, Quattrone W, Tardif-Douglin M. Integrating community health workers (CHWs) into health care organizations. Journal of Community Health 2017;42(5):983-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10900-017-0345-4] - DOI - PubMed
Peer 2020 {published data only}
    1. Peer N, Villiers A, Jonathan D, Kalombo C, Kengne AP. Care and management of a double burden of chronic diseases: experiences of patients and perceptions of their healthcare providers. PLOS One 2020;15(7):e0235710. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235710] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Pereira 2011 {published data only}
    1. Pereira B, Andrew G, Pednekar S, Kirkwood BR, Patel V. The integration of the treatment for common mental disorders in primary care: experiences of health care providers in the MANAS trial in Goa, India. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2011;5(1):26. [DOI: 10.1186/1752-4458-5-26] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Petersen 2009 {published data only}
    1. Petersen I, Bhana A, Campbell-Hall V, Mjadu S, Lund C, Kleintjies S, et al, Mental Health and Poverty Research Programme Consortium. Planning for district mental health services in South Africa: a situational analysis of a rural district site. Health Policy & Planning 2009;24(2):140-50. [DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czn049] - DOI - PubMed
Petersen 2011 {published data only}
    1. Petersen I, Ssebunnya J, Bhana A, Baillie K, MhaPP Research Programme Consortium. Lessons from case studies of integrating mental health into primary health care in South Africa and Uganda. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2011;5:8. [DOI: 10.1186/1752-4458-5-8] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Petersen 2019 {published data only}
    1. Petersen I, Rensburg A, Kigozi F, Semrau M, Hanlon C, Abdulmalik J, et al. Scaling up integrated primary mental health in six low- and middle-income countries: obstacles, synergies and implications for systems reform. BJPsych Open 2019;5(5):e69. [DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2019.7] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Pfitzer 2019 {published data only}
    1. Pfitzer A, Maly C, Tappis H, Kabue M, Mackenzie D, Healy S, et al. Characteristics of successful integrated family planning and maternal and child health services: findings from a mixed-method, descriptive evaluation. F1000Research 2019;8:229. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17208.2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Pidano 2011 {published data only}
    1. Pidano AE, Marcaly KH, Ihde KM, Kurowski EC, Whitcomb JM. Connecticut's enhanced care clinic initiative: early returns from pediatric-behavioral health partnerships. Families, Systems, & Health 2011;29(2):138-43. [DOI: 10.1037/a0023474] - DOI - PubMed
Piper 2018 {published data only}
    1. Piper CN, Plescia M, Keener SR, DeHaven M. The Mecklenburg County Interlocal Agreement: an 18-year collaboration between medicine and public health. Journal of Public Health Management & Practice 2018;24(1):e1-7. [DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000531] - DOI - PubMed
Piper 2020 {published data only}
    1. Piper KN, Schiff J, Riddick C, Getachew B, Farber EW, Kalokhe A, et al. Barriers and facilitators to implementation of trauma support services at a large HIV treatment center in the Southern United States. AIDS Care 2020;33(3):316-25. [DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1764473] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Porter 2002 {published data only}
    1. Porter JD, Ogden JA, Rao PV, Rao VP, Rajesh D, Buskade RA, et al. Lessons in integration--operations research in an Indian leprosy NGO. Leprosy Review 2002;73(2):147-59. - PubMed
Ramanuj 2018 {published data only}
    1. Ramanuj PP, Talley R, Breslau J, Wang SS, Pincus HA. Integrating behavioral health and primary care services for people with serious mental illness: a qualitative systems analysis of integration in New York. Community Mental Health Journal 2018;54(8):1116-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0251-y] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Reinschmidt 2017 {published data only}
    1. Reinschmidt KM, Ingram M, Morales S, Sabo SJ, Blackburn J, Murrieta L, et al. Documenting community health worker roles in primary care: contributions to evidence-based integration into health care teams, 2015. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 2017;40(4):305-15. [DOI: 10.1097/JAC.0000000000000178] - DOI - PubMed
Rissi 2015 {published data only}
    1. Rissi JJ, Gelmon S, Saulino E, Merrithew N, Baker R, Hatcher P. Building the foundation for health system transformation: Oregon's Patient-Centered Primary Care Home program. Journal of Public Health Management & Practice 2015;21(1):34-41. [DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000083] - DOI - PubMed
Robertson 2018 {published data only}
    1. Robertson SK, Manson K, Fioratou E. IMCI and ETAT integration at a primary healthcare facility in Malawi: a human factors approach. BMC Health Services Research 2018;18(1):1014. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3803-5] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Rodriguez 2006 {published data only}
    1. Rodriguez C, Contandriopoulos AP, Larouche D. Implementation evaluation of an integrated healthcare delivery initiative for diabetic patients. Healthcare Policy 2006;1(3):99-120. - PMC - PubMed
Rodriguez 2019 {published data only}
    1. Rodriguez EM, Gulbas LE, George-Jones J, Leija A, Burrows D, Neavel C. Interdisciplinary perspectives on an integrated behavioral health model of psychiatry in pediatric primary care: a community-based participatory research study. Community Mental Health Journal 2019;55(4):569-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0330-0] - DOI - PubMed
Rojas 2015 {published data only}
    1. Rojas E, Gerber BS, Tilton J, Rapacki L, Sharp LK. Pharmacists' perspectives on collaborating with community health workers in diabetes care. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 2015;55(4):429-33. [DOI: 10.1331/JAPhA.2015.14123] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ross 2000 {published data only}
    1. Ross F, Rink E, Furne A. Integration or pragmatic coalition? An evaluation of nursing teams in primary care. Journal of Interprofessional Care 2000;14(3):259-67. [DOI: 10.1080/jic.14.3.259.267] - DOI
Ryman 2012b {published data only}
    1. Ryman TK, Wallace A, Mihigo R, Richards P, Schlanger K, Cappelier K, et al. Community and health worker perceptions and preferences regarding integration of other health services with routine vaccinations: four case studies. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2012;205(Suppl 1):S49-55. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir796] - DOI - PubMed
Ryman 2012c {published data only}
    1. Ryman TK, Briere EC, Cartwright E, Schlanger K, Wannemuehler KA, Russo ET, et al. Integration of routine vaccination and hygiene interventions: a comparison of 2 strategies in Kenya. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2012;205(Suppl 1):S65-76. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir777] - DOI - PubMed
Sakeah 2014 {published data only}
    1. Sakeah E, McCloskey L, Bernstein J, Yeboah-Antwi K, Mills S, Doctor HV. Can community health officer-midwives effectively integrate skilled birth attendance in the community-based health planning and services program in rural Ghana? Reproductive Health 2014;11:90. [DOI: 10.1186/1742-4755-11-90] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Savickas 2020 {published data only}
    1. Savickas V, Veale EL, Bhamra SK, Stewart AJ, Mathie A, Corlett S. Pharmacists detecting atrial fibrillation in general practice: a qualitative focus group study. British Journal of General Practice 2020;4(3):23. [DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen20X101042] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Shattell 2011 {published data only}
    1. Shattell MM, Donnelly N, Scheyett A, Cuddeback GS. Assertive community treatment and the physical health needs of persons with severe mental illness: issues around integration of mental health and physical health. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 2011;17(1):57-63. [DOI: 10.1177/1078390310393737] - DOI - PubMed
Shelley 2019 {published data only}
    1. Shelley KD, Frumence G, Mpembeni R, Mwinnyaa G, Joachim J, Kisusi HK, et al. "Because even the person living with HIV/AIDS might need to make babies" – perspectives on the drivers of feasibility and acceptability of an integrated community health worker model in Iringa, Tanzania. International Journal of Health Policy & Management 2019;8(9):538-49. [DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.38] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Sheth 2020 {published data only}
    1. Sheth AN, Hussen SA, Escoffery C, Haddad LB, Powell L, Brown N, et al. Pre-exposure prophylaxis integration into family planning services at Title X Clinics in the Southeastern United States: protocol for a mixed methods hybrid type I effectiveness implementation study (Phase 2 ATN 155). JMIR Research Protocol 2020;9(9):e18784. [DOI: 10.2196/18784] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Shin 2018 {published data only}
    1. Shin DS, Choi YJ. A pilot study of team-based primary health care for people with disabilities in South Korea. Journal of Interprofessional Care 2018;33(1):129-32. [DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2018.1531832] - DOI - PubMed
Shrivastava 2020a {published data only}
    1. Shrivastava R, Couturier Y, Girard F, Bedos C, Macdonald ME, Torrie J, et al. Appreciative inquiry in evaluating integrated primary oral health services in Quebec Cree communities: a qualitative multiple case study. Dentistry and Oral Medicine 2020;10(6):e038164. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038164] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Shrivastava 2020b {published data only}
    1. Shrivastava R, Campeau R, Couturier Y, Torrie J, Girard F, Marie-Pierre B, et al. Anthropological perspectives on Miyupimaatisiiun and the integration of oral health in primary care in the Cree communities of Northern Quebec. PLOS One 2020;15(4):e0231406. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231406] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Siantz 2018 {published data only}
    1. Siantz E, Henwood B, Baezcondi-Garbanati L. From physical wellness to cultural brokering: unpacking the roles of peer providers in integrated health care settings. Community Mental Health Journal 2018;54(8):1127-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0320-2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Sieverding 2016 {published data only}
    1. Sieverding M, Beyeler N. Integrating informal providers into a people-centered health systems approach: qualitative evidence from local health systems in rural Nigeria. BMC Health Services Research 2016;16(1):526. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1780-0] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Sinai 2018 {published data only}
    1. Sinai I, Cleghorn F, Kinkel HF. Improving management of tuberculosis in people living with HIV in South Africa through integration of HIV and tuberculosis services: a proof of concept study. BMC Health Services Research 2018;18(1):711. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3524-9] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Smit 2012 {published data only}
    1. Smit JA, Church K, Milford C, Harrison AD, Beksinska ME. Key informant perspectives on policy- and service-level challenges and opportunities for delivering integrated sexual and reproductive health and HIV care in South Africa. BMC Health Services Research 2012;12:48. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-48] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Sobo 2008 {published data only}
    1. Sobo EJ, Bowman C, Halloran J, Asch SM, Goetz MB, Gifford AL. 'A routine thing': clinician strategies for implementing HIV testing for at-risk patients in a busy healthcare organisation (and implications for implementation of other new practice recommendations). Anthropology & Medicine 2008;15(3):213-25. [DOI: 10.1080/13648470802357489] - DOI - PubMed
Souza 2019 {published data only}
    1. Souza AC, Amarante PD, Abrahao AL. Inclusion of mental health in primary health care: care strategy in the territory. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2019;72(6):1677-82. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0806] - DOI - PubMed
Souza Gleriano 2019 {published data only}
    1. Souza Gleriano J, da Luz Zaiaz PC, Pereira Borges A, Lucietto GC, Balderrama P, Almeida Corrêa CR, et al. Integral care in the perception of family health strategy professionals. Journal of Nursing 2019;13:1170-8. [DOI: 10.5205/1981-8963.2019.242241] - DOI
Ssebunnya 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ssebunnya J, Kigozi F, Kizza D, Ndyanabangi S, MHAPP Research Programme Consortium. Integration of mental health into primary health care in a rural district in Uganda. African Journal of Psychiatry 2010;13(2):128-31. [DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v13i2.54359] - DOI - PubMed
Stadnick 2020 {published data only}
    1. Stadnick NA, Martinez K, Aarons GA, Lee DA, Cleave J, Brookman-Frazee L. Pediatric primary care perspectives on integrated mental health care for autism. Academic Pediatrics 2020;20(8):1140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.03.006] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Surjaningrum 2018 {published data only}
    1. Surjaningrum ER, Minas H, Jorm AF, Kakuma R. The feasibility of a role for community health workers in integrated mental health care for perinatal depression: a qualitative study from Surabaya, Indonesia. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2018;12(31):27. [DOI: 10.1186/s13033-018-0208-0] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Tai‐Seale 2010 {published data only}
    1. Tai-Seale M, Kunik ME, Shepherd A, Kirchner J, Gottumukkala A. A case study of early experience with implementation of collaborative care in the Veterans Health Administration. Population Health Management 2010;13(6):331-7. [DOI: 10.1089/pop.2009.0082] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Terry 2018 {published data only}
    1. Terry V, Sandoval A, Garza J, Lowdermilk J, Lerma E, Lapka S, et al. What drives members of an interprofessional care team: a sense of self. Journal of Interprofessional Education and Practice 2018;13:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xjep.2018.08.009] - DOI
Topp 2010 {published data only}
    1. Topp SM, Chipukuma JM, Giganti M, Mwango LK, Chiko LM, Tambatamba-Chapula B, et al. Strengthening health systems at facility-level: feasibility of integrating antiretroviral therapy into primary health care services in Lusaka, Zambia. PLOS One 2010;5(7):e11522. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011522] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Topp 2013 {published data only}
    1. Topp SM, Chipukuma JM, Chiko MM, Matongo E, Bolton-Moore C, Reid SE. Integrating HIV treatment with primary care outpatient services: opportunities and challenges from a scaled-up model in Zambia. Health Policy & Planning 2013;28(4):347-57. [DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czs065] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Treloar 2014 {published data only}
    1. Treloar C, Gray R, Brener L. A piece of the jigsaw of primary care: health professional perceptions of an integrated care model of hepatitis C management in the community. Journal of Primary Health Care 2014;6(2):129-34. [DOI: 10.1071/HC14129] - DOI - PubMed
Tsasis 2012 {published data only}
    1. Tsasis P, Evans JM, Owen S. Reframing the challenges to integrated care: a complex-adaptive systems perspective. International Journal of Integrated Care 2012;12:e190. [DOI: 10.5334/ijic.843] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Tshililo 2019 {published data only}
    1. Tshililo AR, Mangena-Netshikweta L, Nemathaga LH, Maluleke M. Challenges of primary healthcare nurses regarding the integration of HIV and AIDS services into primary healthcare in Vhembe district of Limpopo province, South Africa. Curationis 2019;42(1):e1-6. [DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v42i1.1849] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Tsui 2018 {published data only}
    1. Tsui J, Hudson SV, Rubinstein EB, Howard J, Hicks E, Kieber-Emmons A, et al. A mixed-methods analysis of the capacity of the Patient-Centered Medical Home to implement care coordination services for cancer survivors. Translational Behavioral Medicine 2018;8(3):319-27. [DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibx059] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Uebel 2013 {published data only}
    1. Uebel K, Guise A, Georgeu D, Colvin C, Lewin S. Integrating HIV care into nurse-led primary health care services in South Africa: a synthesis of three linked qualitative studies. BMC Health Services Research 2013;13:171. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-171] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Urada 2014 {published data only}
    1. Urada D, Teruya C, Gelberg L, Rawson R. Integration of substance use disorder services with primary care: health center surveys and qualitative interviews. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, & Policy 2014;9:15. [DOI: 10.1186/1747-597X-9-15] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Uwimana 2013 {published data only}
    1. Uwimana J, Jackson D. Integration of tuberculosis and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programmes in South Africa. International Journal of Tuberculosis & Lung Disease 2013;17(10):1285-90. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0068] - DOI - PubMed
Venables 2016 {published data only}
    1. Venables E, Edwards JK, Baert S, Etienne W, Khabala K, Bygrave H. "They just come, pick and go." The acceptability of integrated medication adherence clubs for HIV and non communicable disease (NCD) patients in Kibera, Kenya. PLOS One 2016;11(10):e0164634. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164634] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Venancio 2016 {published data only}
    1. Venancio SI, da Costa Rosa TE, Sanches Bersusa AA. Comprehensive care to hypertension and diabetes mellitus: implementation of the Care Line in a Health Region of São Paulo, Brazil [Atenção integral à hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus: implementação da Linha de Cuidado em uma Região de Saúde do estado de São Paulo, Brasil]. Physis 2016;26(1):113-35. [DOI: 10.1590/S0103-73312016000100008] - DOI
Vestjens 2018 {published data only}
    1. Vestjens L, Cramm JM, Nieboer AP. An integrated primary care approach for frail community-dwelling older persons: a step forward in improving the quality of care. BMC Health Services Research 2018;18(1):28. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164634] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Vickers 2013 {published data only}
    1. Vickers KS, Ridgeway JL, Hathaway JC, Egginton JS, Kaderlik AB, Katzelnick DJ. Integration of mental health resources in a primary care setting leads to increased provider satisfaction and patient access. General Hospital Psychiatry 2013;35(5):461-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.06.011] - DOI - PubMed
Wakida 2018 {published data only}
    1. Wakida EK, Obua C, Rukundo GZ, Maling S, Talib ZM, Okello ES. Barriers and facilitators to the integration of mental health services into primary healthcare: a qualitative study among Ugandan primary care providers using the COM-B framework. BMC Health Services Research 2018;18(1):890. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3684-7] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Wakida 2019 {published data only}
    1. Wakida EK, Okello ES, Rukundo GZ, Akena D, Alele PE, Talib ZM, et al. Health system constraints in integrating mental health services into primary healthcare in rural Uganda: perspectives of primary care providers. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2019;13:16. [DOI: 10.1186/s13033-019-0272-0] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Wallace 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wallace BB, MacEntee MI, Harrison R, Hole R, Mitton C. Community dental clinics: providers' perspectives. Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 2013;41(3):193-203. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12012] - DOI - PubMed
Wallace 2014 {published data only}
    1. Wallace A, Kimambo S, Dafrossa L, Rusibamayila N, Rwebembera A, Songoro J, et al. Qualitative assessment of the integration of HIV services with infant routine immunization visits in Tanzania. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2014;66(1):e8-14. [DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000078] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Waterworth 2015 {published data only}
    1. Waterworth C, Willcocks S, Selfe J, Roddam H. Implementing care aims in an integrated team. British Journal of Healthcare Management 2015;21(1):36-45. [DOI: 10.12968/bjhc.2015.21.1.36] - DOI
Wener 2016 {published data only}
    1. Wener P, Woodgate RL. Collaborating in the context of co-location: a grounded theory study. BMC Family Practice 2016;17:30. [DOI: 10.1186/s12875-016-0427-x] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Wiese 2011 {published data only}
    1. Wiese M, Jolley G, Baum F, Freeman T, Kidd M. Australia's systems of primary healthcare – the need for improved coordination and implications for Medicare locals. Australian Family Physician 2011;40(12):995-9. - PubMed
Wilunda 2017 {published data only}
    1. Wilunda C, Dall'Oglio G, Scanagatta C, Segafredo G, Lukhele BW, Takahashi R, et al. Changing the role of traditional birth attendants in Yirol West County, South Sudan. PLOS One 2017;12(11):e0185726. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185726] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Yessimov 2019 {published data only}
    1. Yessimov N, Aringazina A, Tokmurziyeva G, Izmailova N, Seidumanov D. Assessment of the integration between primary health care and public health in Almaty. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2019;12(9):4241-9. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00729.7] - DOI
Young 2019 {published data only}
    1. Young N, Achieng F, Desai M, Phillips-Howard P, Hill J, Aol G, et al. Integrated point-of-care testing (POCT) for HIV, syphilis, malaria and anaemia at antenatal facilities in western Kenya: a qualitative study exploring end-users' perspectives of appropriateness, acceptability and feasibility. BMC Health Services Research 2019;19(1):74. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3844-9] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Zimbudzi 2019 {published data only}
    1. Zimbudzi E, Lo C, Robinson T, Ranasinha S, Teede HJ, Usherwood T, et al. The impact of an integrated diabetes and kidney service on patients, primary and specialist health professionals in Australia: a qualitative study. PLOS One 2019;14(7):e0219685. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219685] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Zotti 2010 {published data only}
    1. Zotti ME, Pringle J, Stuart G, Boyd WA, Brantley D, Ravello L. Integrating HIV prevention in reproductive health settings. Journal of Public Health Management & Practice 2010;16(6):512-20. [DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0b013e3181ef1935] - DOI - PubMed
Zulu 2015 {published data only}
    1. Zulu JM, Hurtig AK, Kinsman J, Michelo C. Innovation in health service delivery: integrating community health assistants into the health system at district level in Zambia. BMC Health Services Research 2015;15:38. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-0696-4] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Zulu 2019 {published data only}
    1. Zulu JM, Kinsman J, Hurtig AK, Michelo C, George A, Schneider H. Integrating community health assistant-driven sexual and reproductive health services in the community health system in Nyimba district in Zambia: mapping key actors, points of integration, and conditions shaping the process. Reproductive Health 2019;16(1):122. [DOI: 10.1186/s12978-019-0788-4] - DOI - PMC - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Adeokun 2002 {published data only}
    1. Adeokun L, Mantell JE, Weiss E, Delano GE, Jagha T, Olatoregun J, et al. Promoting dual protection in family planning clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Family Planning Perspectives 2002;28(2):87-95. [DOI: 10.2307/3088240] - DOI
Aguirre 2013 {published data only}
    1. Aguirre J, Carrion VG. Integrated behavioral health services: a collaborative care model for pediatric patients in a low-income setting. Clinical Pediatrics 2013;52(12):1178-80. [DOI: 10.1177/0009922812470744] - DOI - PubMed
Aguirre‐Duarte 2015 {published data only}
    1. Aguirre-Duarte NA. Increasing collaboration between health professionals: clues and challenges. Colombia Medica 2015;46(2):66-70. [DOI: 10.25100/cm.v46i2.1526] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ahmed 2015 {published data only}
    1. Ahmed S, Ware P, Visca R, Bareil C, Chouinard MC, Desforges J, et al. The prevention and management of chronic disease in primary care: recommendations from a knowledge translation meeting Health Services Research. BMC Research Notes 2015;8:571. [DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1514-0] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Almeida 2018 {published data only}
    1. Almeida PF de, Oliveira SC de, Giovanella L. Network integration and care coordination: the case of Chile's health system [Integração de rede e coordenação do cuidado: o caso do sistema de saúde do Chile]. Ciênc Saúde Colet 2018;23(7):2213-28. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018237.09622018] - DOI - PubMed
Altabaibeh 2020 {published data only}
    1. Altabaibeh A, Caldwell KA, Volante MA. Tracing healthcare organisation integration in the UK using actor–network theory. Journal of Health Organization and Management 2020;34(2):192-206. [DOI: 10.1108/JHOM-12-2019-0339] - DOI - PubMed
Anastas 2019 {published data only}
    1. Anastas T, Needham Waddell E, Howk S, Remiker M, Horton-Dunbar G, Fagnan LJ. Building behavioral health homes: clinician and staff perspectives on creating integrated care teams. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 2019;46(3):475-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11414-018-9622-y] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Anderson 2016 {published data only}
    1. Anderson K, Bird M, Blair A, MacPherson S. Development and effectiveness of an integrated inpatient and community service for challenging behaviour in late life: from confused and disturbed elderly to transitional behavioural assessment and intervention service. Dementia 2016;15(6):1340-57. [DOI: 10.1177/1471301214559106] - DOI - PubMed
Angus 2018 {published data only}
    1. Angus L, Valentijn PP. From micro to macro: assessing implementation of integrated care in Australia. Australian Journal of Primary Health 2018;24(1):59-65. [DOI: 10.1071/PY17024] - DOI - PubMed
Antunes 2019 {published data only}
    1. Antunes A, Frasquilho D, Zózimo JR, Silva M, Cardoso G, Ferrão J, et al. Solutions to tackle the mental health consequences of the economic recession: a qualitative study integrating primary health care users and professionals' perspectives. Health Policy 2019;123(12):1267-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.10.003] - DOI - PubMed
Atchison 2018 {published data only}
    1. Atchison KA, Weintraub JA, Rozier RG. Bridging the dental-medical divide: case studies integrating oral health care and primary health care. Journal of the American Dental Association 2018;149(10):850-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.05.030] - DOI - PubMed
Au 2018 {published data only}
    1. Au M, Kehn M, Ireys H, Blyler C, Brown J. Care coordinators in integrated care: burnout risk, perceived supports, and job satisfaction. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2018;54(6 Suppl 3):S250-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.044] - DOI - PubMed
Aufegger 2020 {published data only}
    1. Aufegger L, Alabi M, Darzi A, Bicknell C. Sharing leadership: current attitudes, barriers and needs of clinical and non-clinical managers in UK's integrated care system. BMJ Leader 2020;4:128-34. [DOI: 10.1136/leader-2020-000228] - DOI
Aune 2014 {published data only}
    1. Aune I, Olufsen V. 'From fragmented to interdisciplinary understanding of integrated antenatal and postnatal care' – an interprofessional project between public health nursing students and midwifery students. Midwifery 2014;30(3):353-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2013.03.007] - DOI - PubMed
Ayangade 1984 {published data only}
    1. Ayangade O. Integrated family planning services: a Nigerian experience. East African Medical Journal 1984;61(5):412-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Bagayogo 2018 {published data only}
    1. Bagayogo IP, Turcios-Wiswe K, Taku K, Peccoralo L, Katz CL. Providing mental health services in the primary care setting: the experiences and perceptions of general practitioners at a New York City clinic. Psychiatric Quarterly 2018;89(4):897-908. [DOI: 10.1007/s11126-018-9587-2] - DOI - PubMed
Bajorek 2015 {published data only}
    1. Bajorek B, LeMay K, Gunn K, Armour C. The potential role for a pharmacist in a multidisciplinary general practitioner super clinic. Australasian Medical Journal 2015;8(2):52-63. [DOI: 10.4066/AMJ.2015.2278] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Balira 2015 {published data only}
    1. Balira R, Mabey D, Weiss H, Ross DA, Changalucha J, Watson-Jones D. The need for further integration of services to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis in Mwanza City, Tanzania. International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics 2015;130(Suppl 1):S51-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.04.016] - DOI - PubMed
Baltaxe 2019 {published data only}
    1. Baltaxe E, Czypionka T, Kraus M, Reiss M, Askildsen JE, Grenkovic R, et al. Digital health transformation of integrated care in Europe: overarching analysis of 17 integrated care programs. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2019;21(9):e14956. [DOI: 10.2196/14956] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Barchi 2009 {published data only}
    1. Barchi D. Making healthcare delivery personal. Biomedical Instrumentation and Technology 2009;43(3):197-8. - PubMed
Barclay 2019 {published data only}
    1. Barclay L, Lalor A, Migliorini C, Robins L. A comparative examination of models of service delivery intended to support community integration in the immediate period following inpatient rehabilitation for spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2019;58(5):528-36. [DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0394-x] - DOI - PubMed
Bardwell 2019 {published data only}
    1. Bardwell G, Strike C, Mitra S, Scheim A, Barnaby L, Altenberg J, et al. "That's a double-edged sword": exploring the integration of supervised consumption services within community health centres in Toronto, Canada. Health and Place 2019;61:102245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102245] - DOI - PubMed
Barraclough 2016 {published data only}
    1. Barraclough F, Longman J, Barclay L. Integration in a nurse practitioner-led mental health service in rural Australia. Australian Journal of Rural Health 2016;24(2):144-50. [DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12233] - DOI - PubMed
Barros 2019 {published data only}
    1. Barros S, Nóbrega MD, Santos JC, Fonseca LM, Floriano LS. Mental health in primary health care: health-disease according to health professionals [La salud mental en la atención primaria: el proceso salud-Enfermedad, según los profesionales de la salud]. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2019;72(6):1609-17. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0743] - DOI - PubMed
Bauman 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bauman LJ, Braunstein S, Calderon Y, Chhabra R, Cutler B, Leider J, et al. Barriers and facilitators of linkage to HIV primary care in New York City. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2013;64(Suppl 1):S20-6. [DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182a99c19] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Baxter 2002 {published data only}
    1. Baxter C, Levin R, Legaspi MM, Bailey BE, Brown CL. Community health center-led networks: cooperating to compete. Journal of Healthcare Management 2002;46(6):376-88. - PubMed
Baxter 2009 {published data only}
    1. Baxter P, Markle-Reid M. An interprofessional team approach to fall prevention for older home care clients 'at risk' of falling: health care providers share their experiences. International Journal of Integrated Care 2009;9:e15. - PMC - PubMed
Benzer 2015 {published data only}
    1. Benzer JK, Cramer IE, Burgess JF Jr, Mohr DC, Sullivan JL, Charns MP. How personal and standardized coordination impact implementation of integrated care. BMC Health Services Research 2015;15:448. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-1079-6] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Berenson 2016 {published data only}
    1. Berenson RA, Burton RA, McGrath M. Do accountable care organizations (ACOs) help or hinder primary care physicians' ability to deliver high-quality care? Journal of Healthcare 2016;4(3):155-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2016.02.011] - DOI - PubMed
Bergmark 2018 {published data only}
    1. Bergmark M, Bejerholm U, Svensson B, Markstrom U. Complex interventions and interorganisational relationships: examining core implementation components of assertive community treatment. International Journal of Integrated Care 2018;18(4):11. [DOI: 10.5334/ijic.3547] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Bertrand 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bertrand SW. Inroads to integrative health care: registered nurses' personal use of traditional Chinese medicine affects professional identity and nursing practice. Complementary Health Practice Review 2010;15(1):14-30. [DOI: 10.1177/1533210110374639] - DOI
Bhattacharyya 2016 {published data only}
    1. Bhattacharyya O, Schull M, Shojania K, Stergiopoulos V, Naglie G, Webster F, et al. Building Bridges to Integrate Care (BRIDGES): incubating health service innovation across the continuum of care for patients with multiple chronic conditions. Healthcare Quarterly 2016;19(2):60-6. [DOI: 10.12927/hcq.2016.24701] - DOI - PubMed
Blakey 2014 {published data only}
    1. Blakey JM, Bowers PH. Barriers to integrated treatment of substance abuse and trauma among women. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions 2014;14(3):250-72. [DOI: 10.1080/1533256X.2014.933731] - DOI
Boehmer 2019 {published data only}
    1. Boehmer KR, Holland DE, Vanderboom CE. Identifying and addressing gaps in the implementation of a community care team for care of patients with multiple chronic conditions. BMC Health Services Research 2019;19(1):843. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4709-6] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Bourgeault 2000 {published data only}
    1. Bourgeault IL. Delivering the 'new' Canadian midwifery: the impact on midwifery of integration into the Ontario health care system. Journal of Sociology of Health & Illness 2000;22(2):172-96.
Bracey 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bracey T. Bournemouth, Dorset and Poole Total Place pilot: services and support for older people. Working with Older People 2010;14(2):31-7. [DOI: 10.5042/wwop.2010.0265] - DOI
Brant 2020 {published data only}
    1. Brant AR, Dhillon P, Hull S, Coleman M, Ye PP, Lotke PS, et al. Integrating HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis into family planning care: a RE-AIM framework evaluation. AIDS Patient Care and STDS 2020;34(6):259-66. [DOI: 10.1089/apc.2020.0004] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Brechat 2018 {published data only}
    1. Brechat PH, Rasmusson K, Briot P, Foury C, Fulton R, Smith D, et al. Benefits of integrated care delivery system for heart failure: a case study of Intermountain Healthcare (USA) [Bénéfices de la prise en charge intégrée de l'insuffisance cardiaque: l'exemple d'Intermountain Healthcare (États-Unis)]. Sante Publique 2018;30(6):877-85. [DOI: 10.3917/spub.187.0877] - DOI - PubMed
Breton 2019 {published data only}
    1. Breton M, Wankah P, Guillette M, Couturier Y, Belzile L, Gagnon D, et al. Multiple perspectives analysis of the implementation of an integrated care model for older adults in Quebec. International Journal of Integrated Care 2019;19(4):6. [DOI: 10.5334/ijic.4634] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Brindis 2005 {published data only}
    1. Brindis CD, Loo VS, Adler NE, Bolan GA, Wasserheit JN. Service integration and teen friendliness in practice: a program assessment of sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 2005;37(2):155-62. [DOI: ] - PubMed
Briones‐Vozmediano 2018 {published data only}
    1. Briones-Vozmediano E, Maquibar A, Vives-Cases C, Öhman A, Hurtig A-K, Goicolea I. Health-sector responses to intimate partner violence: fitting the response into the biomedical health system or adapting the system to meet the response? Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2018;33(10):1653-78. [DOI: 10.1177/0886260515619170] - DOI - PubMed
Brook 2017 {published data only}
    1. Brook J, Salmon D, Knight RA. Preparing the sexual health workforce to deliver integrated services: is education the answer? A qualitative study exploring the impact of sexual health education on developing integrated policy and practice. Primary Health Care Research & Development 2017;18(3):270-81. [DOI: 10.1017/S1463423617000123] - DOI - PubMed
Brousselle 2010 {published data only}
    1. Brousselle A, Lamothe L, Sylvain C, Foro A, Perreault M. Integrating services for patients with mental and substance use disorders: what matters? Health Care Management Review 2010;35(3):212-23. [DOI: 10.1097/HMR.0b013e3181d5b11c] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Byrne 2019 {published data only}
    1. Byrne JP, Power R, Kiersey R, Varley J, Doherty CP, Saris AJ, et al. The rhetoric and reality of integrated patient-centered care for healthcare providers: an ethnographic exploration of epilepsy care in Ireland. Epilepsy & Behavior 2019;94:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.02.011] - DOI - PubMed
Carroll 2018 {published data only}
    1. Carroll D, Kemner A, Schootman M. Operationalizing population health management in practice. Missouri Medicine 2018;115(6):533-6. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Cash‐Gibson 2014 {published data only}
    1. Cash-Gibson L, Rosenmoller M. Project INTEGRATE – a common methodological approach to understand integrated health care in Europe. International Journal of Integrated Care 2014;14(1):e035. [DOI: 10.5334/ijic.1980] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Catalao 2018 {published data only}
    1. Catalao R, Eshetu T, Tsigebrhan R, Medhin G, Fekadu A, Hanlon C. Implementing integrated services for people with epilepsy in primary care in Ethiopia: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research 2018;18(1):372. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3190-y] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Chubak 2012 {published data only}
    1. Chubak J, Tuzzio L, Hsu C, Alfano CM, Rabin BA, Hornbrook MC, et al. Providing care for cancer survivors in integrated health care delivery systems: practices, challenges, and research opportunities. Journal of Oncology Practice 2012;8(3):184-9. [DOI: 10.1200/JOP.2011.000312] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Coelho 2018 {published data only}
    1. Coelho LP, Motta LB da, Caldas CP. Elderly care network: facilitating factors and barriers to implementation [Rede de atenção ao idoso: fatores facilitadores e barreiras para implementação]. Physis 2018;28(4):e280404. [DOI: 10.1590/S0103-73312018280404] - DOI
Contandriopoulos 2015 {published data only}
    1. Contandriopoulos D, Brousselle A, Dubois CA, Perroux M, Beaulieu MD, Brault I, et al. A process-based framework to guide nurse practitioners integration into primary healthcare teams: results from a logic analysis. BMC Health Services Research 2015;15(1):78. [DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-0731-5] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Cooper 2015 {published data only}
    1. Cooper D, Mantell JE, Moodley J, Mall S. The HIV epidemic and sexual and reproductive health policy integration: views of South African policymakers. BMC Public Health 2015;15:217. - PMC - PubMed
Correa 2018 {published data only}
    1. Correa VA, Acioli S, Tinoco TF. The care of nurses in the Family Health Strategy: practices and theoretical foundation [Cuidado del enfermero en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar: prácticas y fundaciones teóricas]. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2018;71(Suppl 6):2767-74. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0383] - DOI - PubMed
DeBoer 2019 {published data only}
    1. DeBoer H, Andrews M, Cudd S, Leung E, Petrie A, Chan Carusone S, et al. Where and how does physical therapy fit? Integrating physical therapy into interprofessional HIV care. Disability & Rehabilitation 2019;41(15):1768-77. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1448469] - DOI - PubMed
Dhondt 2017 {published data only}
    1. Dhondt S, Hermans K, Molema H, Boermans S, Klauw D, Vrijhoef Hubertus JM. Mechanisms of integrated care in Flanders: a bottom-up perspective. International Journal of Care Coordination 2017;20(3):87-97. [DOI: 10.1177/2053434517734464] - DOI
Duffy 2017 {published data only}
    1. Duffy M, Ojikutu B, Andrian S, Sohng E, Minior T, Hirschhorn LR. Non-communicable diseases and HIV care and treatment: models of integrated service delivery. Tropical Medicine & International Health 2017;22(8):926-37. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12901] - DOI - PubMed
Evans 2016 {published data only}
    1. Evans JM, Grudniewicz A, Baker GR, Wodchis WP. Organizational context and capabilities for integrating care: a framework for improvement. International Journal of Integrated Care 2016;16(3):15. [DOI: 10.5334/ijic.3187] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Fernandes 2014 {published data only}
    1. Fernandes RZ, Vilela MF. Strategies for integration of health care practices and sanitary surveillance in the context of the implementation of Rede Cegonha – a Brazilian mother and infant health care network [Estratégias de integração das práticas assistenciais de saúde e de vigilância sanitária no contexto de implementação da Rede Cegonha]. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva 2014;19(11):4457-66. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320141911.21662013] - DOI - PubMed
Freeman 2012 {published data only}
    1. Freeman C, Cottrell WN, Kyle G, Williams I, Nissen L. Integrating a pharmacist into the general practice environment: opinions of pharmacist's, general practitioner's, health care consumer's, and practice manager's. BMC Health Services Research 2012;12:229. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-229] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
French 2006 {published data only}
    1. French RS, Coope CM, Graham A, Gerressu M, Salisbury C, Stephenson JM, et al. One stop shop versus collaborative integration: what is the best way of delivering sexual health services? Sexually Transmitted Infections 2006;82(3):202-6. [DOI: 10.1136/sti.2005.018093] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Hallberg 2005 {published data only}
    1. Hallberg U, Klingberg G. Medical health care professionals' assessments of oral health needs in children with disabilities: a qualitative study. European Journal of Oral Sciences 2005;113(5):363-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2005.00238.x] - DOI - PubMed
Henao‐Martinez 2008 {published data only}
    1. Henao-Martinez D, Vazquez-Navarrete ML, Vargas-Lorenzo I, Coderch-Lassaletta J, Llopart-Lopez JR. Integral health provision by two Catalonian health providing entities (Spain) [Integración Asistencial de Dos Organizaciones en Cataluña, España]. Revista de Salud Publica 2008;10(1):33-48. - PubMed
Ingram 2019 {published data only}
    1. Ingram M, Denman CA, Cornejo-Vucovich E, Castro-Vasquez MDC, Aceves B, Ocejo AG, et al. The Meta Salud Diabetes Implementation Study: qualitative methods to assess integration of a health promotion intervention into primary care to reduce CVD risk among an underserved population with diabetes in Sonora, Mexico. Frontiers in Public Health 2019;7:347. [DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00347] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kaehne 2016 {published data only}
    1. Kaehne A. The Healthy Liverpool Children's Programme. Journal of Integrated Care 2016;24(3):124-38. [DOI: 10.1108/JICA-03-2016-0014] - DOI

References to studies awaiting assessment

Amelung 2015 {published data only}
    1. Amelung V, Wolf S, Ozegowski S, Eble S, Hildebrandt H, Knieps F, et al. Declared dead? Recommendations regarding integrated care from the perspective of German statutory health insurance [Totgesagte leben länger: Empfehlungen zur Integrierten Versorgung aus Sicht der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 2015;58(4-5):352-9. - PubMed
Aoki 2017 {published data only}
    1. Aoki M, Perez Batista MP, Morgani de Almeida MH, Molini-Avejonas DR, Corrêa Oliver F. Challenges on network care considering the perceptions of preceptors of a Pet-Network regarding people with disabilities and at-risk infants: access, comprehensiveness and communication. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional [Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy] 2017;25(3):519-32.
da Silva Bastos 2011 {published data only}
    1. da Silva Bastos L, Araújo Assis MM, Alves do Nascimento MA, Feltrin de Oliveira LC. Integrality-building in the care of people with diabetes mellitus in a healthcare unit of Feira de Santana, Bahia State [Construção da integralidade no cuidar de pessoas com diabetes mellitus em um centro de saúde em Feira de Santana (BA)]. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 2011;16(Suppl 1):1417-26. - PubMed
Kondo 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kondo J, Onishi H, Greiner C. Rewarding, positive aspects and nursing characteristics of comprehensive community care practices by clinic nurses. An Official Journal of the Japan Primary Care Association 2014;1(1):10-5.
Rodrigues 2010 {published data only}
    1. Rodrigues Arce VA, De Sousa MF, da Glória Lima M. Mental health praxis within the family health strategy: contributions to build an integrated care. Physis 2010;21(2):541-60. [DOI: 10.1590/S0103-73312011000200011] - DOI
Ruppert 2017 {published data only}
    1. Ruppert D, Stegbauer C, Bramesfeld A, Bestmann B, Szecsenyi J, Götz K. "Hope Dies Last …" – cross-sectoral cooperation in integrated care: a qualitative study. Psychiatrische Praxis 2017;44(3):134-40. - PubMed
Santos 2011a {published data only}
    1. Santos FA, Carvalho de Sousa IM, Dantas Gurgel ID, Benjamin Bezerra AF, Barros NF. Policy of integrative practices in Recife (Northeastern Brazil): analysis of the participation of the actors [Política de práticas integrativas em Recife: análise da participação dos atores]. Revista de Saúde Pública 2011;45(6):1154-9. - PubMed
Villela 2009 {published data only}
    1. Villela WV, Araujo EC, Ribeiro SA, Cuginotti AP, Hayana ET, Brito FC, et al. Challenges in primary health care: the experience in Vila Mariana District, São Paulo, Brazil [Desafios da atenção básica em saúde: a experiência de Vila Mariana, São Paulo, Brasil]. Cadernos de Saude Publica 2009;25(6):1316-24. - PubMed

References to ongoing studies

Wodchis 2018 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Wodchis W, Burau V, Tenbensel T, Breton M, Goldhar J. Implementing integrated Care for Older Adults with Complex Health needs: iCOACH. An international network discussion. International Journal of Integrated Care 2018;18(Suppl 2):1-2. - PMC - PubMed

Additional references

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