Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jun 30;12(6):1380-1391.
doi: 10.21037/tcr-22-2705. Epub 2023 Jun 13.

Preoperative low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of favorable prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Yangyang Mei  1 , Zhen Chen  1 , Xiaogang Wang  1 , Renfang Xu  1 , Hao Lu  1
Affiliations

Preoperative low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of favorable prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Yangyang Mei et al. Transl Cancer Res. .

Abstract

Background: Studies have shown that dyslipidemia is closely tied to a variety of cancers, and the level of low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is related to the prognosis of cancer patients. However, what remains unclear is the predictive meaning of LDL-C among patients who suffer from renal cell carcinoma, especially clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the preoperative levels of serum LDL-C and the prognosis of surgical patients who suffer from clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Methods: A total of 308 CCRCC patients that received radical or partial nephrectomy were retrospectively included in this study. The clinical data of each included patient were collected. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results: Univariate analysis showed that a higher LDL-C level indicated a better OS and CSS in CCRCC patients (P=0.002 and P=0.001, respectively). The same was shown in the Multivariate analysis that a higher LDL-C level indicated a better OS and CSS in CCRCC patients (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Following propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, a higher LDL-C level still existed as an ideal indicator for both OS and CSS.

Conclusions: The study indicated that a higher serum level of LDL-C showed clinical significance for predicting better OS and CSS in patients with CCRCC.

Keywords: Low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C); clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC); operation; prognosis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tcr-22-2705/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the study selection process. LDL-C, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol; CCRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Figure 2
Figure 2
According to the ROC analysis, the cut-off value for LDL-C was 2.315 mmol/L. ROC, receiver-operating characteristics; LDL-C, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Figure 3
Figure 3
On the basis of the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, we could calculate those patients with a high LDL-C level that higher than 2.315 mmol/L had better OS. PSM, propensity score matching; LDL-C, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol; OS, overall survival.
Figure 4
Figure 4
After PSM analysis, higher LDL-C resulted in better OS, which was also true for Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. PSM, propensity score matching; LDL-C, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol; OS, overall survival.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Before PSM analysis, the CSS of patients with LDL-C >2.315 mmol/L was significantly higher than that of the other group. PSM, propensity score matching; CSS, cancer-specific survival; LDL-C, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Figure 6
Figure 6
After PSM analysis, the CSS of the higher LDL-C group of patients was still higher than that of the group with lower LDL-C. PSM, propensity score matching; CSS, cancer-specific survival; LDL-C, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Rysz J, Konecki T, Franczyk B, et al. The Role of Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) Biomarkers in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022;24:643. 10.3390/ijms24010643 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Prochazkova K, Ptakova N, Alaghehbandan R, et al. Mutation Profile Variability in the Primary Tumor and Multiple Pulmonary Metastases of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. A Review of the Literature and Analysis of Four Metastatic Cases. Cancers (Basel) 2021;13:5906. 10.3390/cancers13235906 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zhang T, George DJ. Immunotherapy and targeted-therapy combinations mark a new era of kidney cancer treatment. Nat Med 2021;27:586-8. 10.1038/s41591-021-01320-x - DOI - PubMed
    1. Garcia J, Hurwitz HI, Sandler AB, et al. Bevacizumab (Avastin®) in cancer treatment: A review of 15 years of clinical experience and future outlook. Cancer Treat Rev 2020;86:102017. 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102017 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Choueiri TK, Kaelin WG, Jr. Targeting the HIF2-VEGF axis in renal cell carcinoma. Nat Med 2020;26:1519-30. 10.1038/s41591-020-1093-z - DOI - PubMed