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. 2023 Jun 30;14(3):1478-1487.
doi: 10.21037/jgo-22-913. Epub 2023 May 22.

Gender and racial disparities in the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer in Mississippi State from 2003 to 2019

Basil Nduma  1 , Solomon Ambe  2 , Chukwuyem Ekhator  3 , Ekokobe Fonkem  4
Affiliations

Gender and racial disparities in the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer in Mississippi State from 2003 to 2019

Basil Nduma et al. J Gastrointest Oncol. .

Abstract

Background: In the United States, the incidence and prevalence of pancreatic cancer are well-established relative to the factors of gender and race. These rates can be seen to be dictated by biological, behavioral, socio-environmental, socioeconomic, and structural factors. This paper focused on the context of Mississippi, with a particular emphasis on racial and gender-linked mortality and incidence from 2003 to 2019.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Mississippi Cancer Registry. Specific parameters that were focused upon included the data source in the form of all cancer incidents and cancer mortality, geography in terms of cancer coalition regions, cancer sites in the form of the digestive system as a category to which pancreatic cancer belongs, and the year, ranging from 2003 to 2019.

Results: From the findings, the rates were more dominant in blacks than their white counterparts, suggesting racial disparity. Additionally, regardless of race, females exhibited lower rates compared to males. In the state, there were also marked geographical variations in disease incidence and mortality rates, with the Delta cancer coalition region faring the worst in terms of incidence rates for both races and genders.

Conclusions: It was concluded that in Mississippi, being a black male poses the highest risk. In the future, certain additional factors that will need to be investigated as per their probable moderating role to inform the coining of health care interventions at the state level. They include lifestyle and behavioral factors, comorbidities, stage of disease, and geographical variations or remoteness.

Keywords: Pancreatic cancer; cancer coalition region; gender disparity; incidence; mortality rate; racial disparity.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jgo.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jgo-22-913/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age-adjusted pancreatic cancer incidence rates in Mississippi 2003–2019 by cancer coalition regions. Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard million population.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pancreatic cancer incidence rates in Delta (A), Central (B), Southern (C), Coastal (D) and Northeast (E) Regional Coalition Mississippi 2003–2019.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Incidence rate of pancreatic cancer between white males and black males by cancer coalition regions in Mississippi between 2003 to 2019.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Incidence rate of pancreatic cancer between white females and black females by cancer coalition regions in Mississippi between 2003 to 2019.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Incidence rate of pancreatic cancer between black males and black females by cancer coalition regions in Mississippi between 2003 to 2019.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Incidence rate of pancreatic cancer between white males and white females by cancer coalition regions in Mississippi between 2003 to 2019.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Age-adjusted pancreatic cancer mortality rates in Mississippi 2003–2019 by cancer coalition regions. Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard million population.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Pancreatic cancer mortality rates in Delta (A), Central (B), Southern (C), Northeast (D) and Coastal (E) Regional Coalition Mississippi 2003–2019.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Mortality rate—white versus black males (racial disparity in mortality rate).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Mortality rate—white versus black females (racial disparity in mortality rate).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Mortality rate—white males versus white females (gender disparity in mortality rate).
Figure 12
Figure 12
Mortality rate—black males versus black females (gender disparity in mortality rate).
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