Measuring the Release of Lactate from Wild-Type and rd1 Mouse Retina

Abstract

The retina has the highest energy consumption of any tissue in the human body. Remarkably, to satisfy its energy demand, the retina appears to rely mostly on aerobic glycolysis, which results in the production and release of large amounts of lactate. In the present study, we compared two different methods to assess lactate release from in vitro organotypic retinal explants cultured under entirely controlled, serum-free conditions. We used a standard lactate assay kit and ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based analysis. We found that during the culturing of retinal explants derived from wild-type mice, lactate was released in large amounts and that the two different methods agreed well with each other. When comparing wild-type retina with degenerating rd1 mouse retina, we found the latter to release significantly higher amounts of lactate. Hence, degenerating retina may have an even higher energy demand and metabolic rate compared to healthy retina. We conclude that the use of lactate measurement can be a reliable and simple readout to evaluate ongoing retinal metabolism.

Keywords: Aerobic glycolysis; NMR Spectroscopy; Retina degeneration; Retinal metabolism; Warburg effect.