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. 2023 Jun 14;9(6):e17292.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17292. eCollection 2023 Jun.

Pre and postharvest characteristics of Dahlia pinnata var. pinnata, cav. As affected by SiO2 and CaCO3 nanoparticles under two different planting dates

Mahmoud M Kasem  1 , Mohaned M Abd El-Baset  1 , Ahmed A Helaly  1 , El-Sayed A El-Boraie  2 , Mashael Daghash Alqahtani  3 , Abdulrahman Alhashimi  4 , Abdelghafar M Abu-Elsaoud  5   6 , Amr Elkelish  5   6 , Ahmed G Mancy  7 , Abdulrahman Alhumaid  8 , Mostafa F El-Banna  9
Affiliations

Pre and postharvest characteristics of Dahlia pinnata var. pinnata, cav. As affected by SiO2 and CaCO3 nanoparticles under two different planting dates

Mahmoud M Kasem et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Agriculture faces many challenges because of climate changes. The nutrients present in nano-sized form improve plant productivity, especially when used at the appropriate planting time. Field experiments were conducted as a factorial experiment for evaluating two planting dates (20th September and 20th October), foliar application with nanoparticles (NPs) including silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) at 1.5 and 3 mM, calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3-NPs) at 5 and 10 mM and distilled water (control) on pre- and post-harvest characteristics of Dahlia pinnata var. pinnata Cav. The results indicate that the interactions during the late planting time (20th October) and exogenous applications of SiO2-NPs at 1.5 mM or CaCO3-NPs at 10 mM have improved plant growth including plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry weights of plant, leaf area, inflorescence diameter, inflorescence stalk length, branches number, tuber numbers, inflorescences number on the plant, and the vase life. At the same time, insignificant differences appeared in the interaction during the planting dates and SiO2 or CaCO3 -NPs concentrations on inflorescence stalk diameter, total soluble solids, membrane stability index, maximum increase in fresh weight (FW), and Si and Ca contents. In addition, all exogenous applications of NPs at the late planting time promoted the plant growth characteristics like lignin %, cellulose %, inflorescence water content, change in FW, and total water uptake. Moreover, the controls through the two planting dates recorded the maximum change in water uptake and water loss values. In short, it can be recommended to use SiO2-NPs at 1.5 mM or CaCO3-NPs at 10 mM as a foliar application at the late planting time (20th October) for obtaining the optimum quantitative and qualitative parameters of D. pinnata.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Dahlia pinnata var pinnata Cav., the examined variety.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The experiment site's seasonal averages of maximum and minimum temperature during the growing seasons.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Impact of planting dates, NPs foliar application, and their interactions on plant height (a, d, g) (cm), branches number (b, e, h), and stem diameter (mm) (c, f, i) of Dahlia pinnata var pinnata Cav. during two seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Different letters above columns at each season are significantly different (p > 0.05), (n = 3). T1, control (distilled water); T2, SiO2-NPs at 1.5 mM; T3, SiO2-NPs at 3 mM; T4, CaCO3- NPs at 5 mM; T5, CaCO3- NPs at 10 mM.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Impact of planting dates, NPs foliar application, and their interactions on plant FW (g) (a, e, i), plant DW (g) (b, f, j), leaf area (cm2) (c, g, k), and tuber numbers plant−1 (d, h, l) of Dahlia pinnata var pinnata Cav. during two seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Different letters above columns at each season are significantly different (p > 0.05), (n = 3). T1, control (distilled water); T2, SiO2-NPs at 1.5 mM; T3, SiO2-NPs at 3 mM; T4, CaCO3- NPs at 5 mM; T5, CaCO3- NPs at 10 mM. FW (fresh weight); DW (dry weight).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Impact of planting dates, NPs foliar application, and their interactions on flowering bud emergence (days) (a, d, g), inflorescence number plant−1 (b, e, h), and inflorescence diameter (cm) (c, f, i) of Dahlia pinnata var pinnata Cav. during two seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Different letters above columns at each season are significantly different (p > 0.05), (n = 3). T1, control (distilled water); T2, SiO2-NPs at 1.5 mM; T3, SiO2-NPs at 3 mM; T4, CaCO3- NPs at 5 mM; T5, CaCO3- NPs at 10 mM.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Impact of planting dates, NPs foliar application, and their interactions on inflorescence stalk length (cm) (a, c, e), and inflorescence stalk diameter (mm) (b, d, f) of Dahlia pinnata var pinnata Cav. during two seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Different letters above columns at each season are significantly different (p > 0.05), (n = 3). T1, control (distilled water); T2, SiO2-NPs at 1.5 mM; T3, SiO2-NPs at 3 mM; T4, CaCO3- NPs at 5 mM; T5, CaCO3- NPs at 10 mM.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Impact of planting dates, NPs foliar application, and their interactions on total chlorophyll (mg 100 g−1 of FW) (a, d, g), total anthocyanin (mg 100 g−1 of petals) (b, e, h), and total soluble solids % (petals) (c, f, i) of Dahlia pinnata var pinnata Cav. during two seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Different letters above columns at each season are significantly different (p > 0.05), (n = 3). T1, control (distilled water); T2, SiO2-NPs at 1.5 mM; T3, SiO2-NPs at 3 mM; T4, CaCO3- NPs at 5 mM; T5, CaCO3- NPs at 10 mM.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Impact of planting dates, NPs foliar application, and their interactions on silicon (mg g−1 DW) (a, e, i), calcium (mg g−1 DW) (b, f, i), lignin % (c, g, k), and cellulose % (d, h, i) of Dahlia pinnata var pinnata Cav. during two seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Different letters above columns at each season are significantly different (p > 0.05), (n = 3). T1, control (distilled water); T2, SiO2-NPs at 1.5 mM; T3, SiO2-NPs at 3 mM; T4, CaCO3- NPs at 5 mM; T5, CaCO3- NPs at 10 mM. DW (dry weight).
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Impact of planting dates, NPs foliar application, and their interactions on membrane stability index % at 5th day (a, d, g), vase life (days) (b, e, h), and inflorescence water content (g) (c, f, i) of Dahlia pinnata var pinnata Cav. during two seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Different letters above columns at each season are significantly different (p > 0.05), (n = 3). T1, control (distilled water); T2, SiO2-NPs at 1.5 mM; T3, SiO2-NPs at 3 mM; T4, CaCO3- NPs at 5 mM; T5, CaCO3- NPs at 10 mM.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Impact of planting dates, NPs foliar application, and their interactions on the maximum increase in FW (g) shelf life−1 (a, d, g), change in FW (g) fifth day−1 (b, e, h), and total water uptake (ml) shelf life−1 (c, f, i) of Dahlia pinnata var pinnata Cav. during two seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Different letters above columns at each season are significantly different (p > 0.05), (n = 3). T1, control (distilled water); T2, SiO2-NPs at 1.5 mM; T3, SiO2-NPs at 3 mM; T4, CaCO3- NPs at 5 mM; T5, CaCO3- NPs at 10 mM. FW (fresh weight).
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Impact of planting dates, NPs foliar application, and their interactions on change in water uptake (ml) fifth day−1 (a, d, g), change in water loss (ml) fifth day−1 (b, e, h), and change in water balance (ml) fifth day−1 (c, f, i) from shelf life of Dahlia pinnata var pinnata Cav. during two seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Different letters above columns at each season are significantly different (p > 0.05), (n = 3). T1, control (distilled water); T2, SiO2-NPs at 1.5 mM; T3, SiO2-NPs at 3 mM; T4, CaCO3- NPs at 5 mM; T5, CaCO3- NPs at 10 mM.
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