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. 2023 Jun 17;9(6):e17360.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17360. eCollection 2023 Jun.

Second order nonlinear optical properties of poled films containing azobenzenes tailored with azulen-1-yl-pyridine

Ana-Maria Manea-Saghin  1 , Adrian E Ion  2 , Francois Kajzar  1   3 , Simona Nica  2
Affiliations

Second order nonlinear optical properties of poled films containing azobenzenes tailored with azulen-1-yl-pyridine

Ana-Maria Manea-Saghin et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Azo compounds, which are highly versatile molecules, have attracted a considerable attention both for their fundamental properties and for practical applications, especially in photonics. The conjugated azo-aromatic systems containing 4-(R-azulen-1-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-pyridine were investigated for their nonlinear optical properties. These molecules were embedded in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix, and the obtained guest-host systems were processed into good optical quality thin film by spin coating technique. The dipolar moments of dissolved in PMMA molecules were oriented by applying a high DC electric field at a temperature close to the polymer glass transition temperature. The second - order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of poled films were studied by the optical second harmonic generation technique (SHG). The poling kinetics, studied by in situ SHG as well as the measured second-order NLO susceptibilities of poled films are reported and discussed.

Keywords: Azulene based compounds; Guest-host systems; Poled films; Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA); Second - order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Representative azulene-based NLO-phores; 2-((5-isopropyl-3,8-dimethylazulen-1-yl)methylene)malononitrile (A), (E)-1,3-diethyl-5-(3-(5-isopropyl-3,8-dimethylazulen-1-yl)allylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione (B), (E)-4-(2-(azulen-1-yl)vinyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium (C), (E)-4-(azulen-1-yldiazenyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium (D), (E)-1-(azulen-1-yl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)diazene (E), (E)-2-(ethyl(4-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)amino)ethanol (DR1).
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Chemical structure of the compounds under investigation.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Absorption spectra of the investigated azulenylpyrydine-azo dyes, 1–4 in PMMA films.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Incidence angle dependence of SHG intensity for a poled thin films (a–d) and for an α-single crystal quartz plate used for calibration (e–f). Points are measured values whereas solid lines depicts the calculated ones.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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