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. 2023 Jun 27:17:1126526.
doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1126526. eCollection 2023.

Frequency, pattern and predictors of cognitive impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease using the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia

Ewere Marie Ogbimi  1 , Fatai Momodu Akemokwe  2 , Olubunmi Ogunrin  3
Affiliations

Frequency, pattern and predictors of cognitive impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease using the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia

Ewere Marie Ogbimi et al. Front Hum Neurosci. .

Abstract

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder complicated by cognitive dysfunctions which are associated with increased caregiver burden, pressure on community health facilities, and mortality in affected patients. Most of the data concerning cognitive dysfunctions in PD are from studies conducted in Europe and North America, but there is paucity of data from Sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the frequency, pattern and predictors of cognitive impairments amongst patients with Parkinson's disease.

Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional case control study carried out at a tertiary health facility in South-south Nigeria. Participants with PD were consecutively recruited from the neurology outpatient clinics. Demographic and disease-specific data were obtained with the use of a pre-tested questionnaire. Cognitive performance of thirty patients with PD were compared with thirty demographically matched controls using the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSID). CSID was already validated among Nigerians.

Results: The frequency of cognitive impairment using the CSID was 50% for PD patients (3.3% for controls). Poor cognitive performance was observed across several cognitive domains including language, executive dysfunction, psychomotor speed, and constructional apraxia among PD patients. The independent predictors of the overall cognitive impairment in patients with PD determined by logistic regression analysis include recall deficiency (p = 0.007), impairment with naming (p = 0.044), apraxia (p = 0.003), Hoen&Yahr staging (p = 0.046), UPDRS score (p = 0.015) and age at presentation (p = 0.014).

Conclusion: Cognitive impairments occur more frequently in patients with PD compared to controls. This study also demonstrated the predictive role of severity of disease based on Hoehn &Yahr staging and UPDRS score, and presence of recall deficiency, poor naming ability and apraxia.

Keywords: CSID; Nigeria; Parkinson’s disease; apraxia; cognition; memory.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Sex distribution of PD patients and control.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Age distribution of PD patients and control.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Hoehn and Yahr staging of PD patients.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Box plot showing the relationship between patients’ performance on CSID and their UPDRS score.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Box plot showing the relationship between patients’ performance on CSID and their apraxia performance.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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