Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in sarcopenia management: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Ping-Tao Tseng¹, Bing-Yan Zeng², Bing-Syuan Zeng³, Yu-Chi Liao⁴, Brendon Stubbs⁵, John S Kuo⁶, Cheuk-Kwan Sun⁷, Yu-Shian Cheng⁸, Yen-Wen Chen⁹, Tien-Yu Chen¹⁰, Yu-Kang Tu¹¹, Pao-Yen Lin¹², Chih-Wei Hsu¹³, Dian-Jeng Li¹⁴, Chih-Sung Liang¹⁵, Mein-Woei Suen¹⁶, Yi-Cheng Wu¹⁷, Yow-Ling Shiue¹⁸, Kuan-Pin Su¹⁹

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology & Neurology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
² Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Clinical Psychology Center, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Prevention and Treatment of Internet Addiction, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
⁵ Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Faculty of Health, Social Care Medicine and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK.
⁶ Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University,Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
⁷ Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁸ Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Taiwan.
⁹ Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology & Neurology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
¹⁰ School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
¹¹ Institute of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
¹² Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
¹⁴ Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
¹⁵ School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
¹⁶ Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Gender Equality Education and Research Center, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
¹⁷ Department of Sports Medicine, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: Keanu.firefox@gmail.com.
¹⁸ Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Electronic address: shirley@imst.nsysu.edu.tw.
¹⁹ Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: cobolsu@gmail.com.

PMID: 37442370
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102014

Review

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in sarcopenia management: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Ping-Tao Tseng et al. Ageing Res Rev. 2023 Sep.

. 2023 Sep:90:102014.

doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102014. Epub 2023 Jul 11.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology & Neurology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
² Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Clinical Psychology Center, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Prevention and Treatment of Internet Addiction, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
⁵ Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Faculty of Health, Social Care Medicine and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK.
⁶ Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University,Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
⁷ Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁸ Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Taiwan.
⁹ Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology & Neurology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
¹⁰ School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
¹¹ Institute of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
¹² Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
¹⁴ Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
¹⁵ School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
¹⁶ Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Gender Equality Education and Research Center, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
¹⁷ Department of Sports Medicine, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: Keanu.firefox@gmail.com.
¹⁸ Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Electronic address: shirley@imst.nsysu.edu.tw.
¹⁹ Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: cobolsu@gmail.com.

PMID: 37442370
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102014

Abstract

Sarcopenia frequently occurs with aging and leads to major adverse impacts on activities of daily living and quality of life in elderly individuals. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3 PUFAs) supplements are considered promising therapeutic agents for sarcopenia management; however, the evidence remains inconsistent. We reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about omega-3 PUFA supplementation in patients with sarcopenia or in those at high risk for sarcopenia. Network meta-analysis (NMA) procedures were conducted using a frequentist model. The primary outcomes were (1) upper-extremity muscle strength and (2) lower-extremity physical function. The NMA of 16 RCTs showed that the high-dose (more than 2.5 g/day omega-3 PUFAs) group yielded the greatest improvement in both upper-extremity muscle strength and lower-extremity physical function [compared to placebo/standard care groups, standardized mean difference (SMD)= 1.68, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)= 0.03-3.33, and SMD= 0.73, 95%CI= 0.16-1.30, respectively], and the effects were reaffirmed in subgroup analyses of placebo-controlled RCTs or those excluding concurrent resistance training programs. None of the investigated omega-3 PUFAs supplementation was associated with significantly increased skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, or overall body weight. Our findings provide a basis for future large-scale RCTs to investigate the dose effects and clinical application of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in sarcopenia management. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The current study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (TSGHIRB No. B-109-29) and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022347161).

Keywords: Frailty; Network meta-analysis; Omega-3 fatty acid; Polyunsaturated fatty acid; Sarcopenia.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors report no financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.

Publication types

Actions
Actions
Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Substances

Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
- ClinicalKey
- Elsevier Science

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in sarcopenia management: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Affiliations

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in sarcopenia management: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources