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. 2023 Jul 13;23(1):1351.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16289-0.

Analysis of age, period, and birth cohort effects on suicide mortality in Brazil and the five major geographic regions

Pauliana Valéria Machado Galvão  1 , Cosme Marcelo Furtado Passos da Silva  2
Affiliations

Analysis of age, period, and birth cohort effects on suicide mortality in Brazil and the five major geographic regions

Pauliana Valéria Machado Galvão et al. BMC Public Health. .

Abstract

Objective: Estimate the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on suicide mortality in Brazil by major geographic region in the overall population and by sex.

Methods: This was a time trend ecological study. National and regional suicide mortality data from 1981 to 2020 were analyzed for the overall population and by sex. Age, period, and cohort effects were calculated with a Poisson regression model using estimable functions with the Epi package of the R statistical program, version 4.2.1.

Results: There were 272,716 suicides in individuals ranging from 20 to 79 years old. In the overall population, the age model-adjusted suicide mortality rates showed an upward pattern for Brazil. The most recent cohort showed the highest associated risk, 1.67 (95%CI 1.63; 1.71), while for the reference period, it was the highest risk among all the periods.

Conclusions: Suicide mortality rates have shown an upward trend with advancing age in both men and women in the Brazilian population. However, the behavior of the period effect and cohort depends on the population analyzed and regional distribution.

Keywords: Age effect; Age-period-cohort analysis; Brazil; Cohort effect; Mortality; Period effect.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Models adjusted by age, period, and cohort for suicide mortality in the overall population, Brazil and regions, 1981 to 2020. Figure 1a: Age effect. Figure 1b: Period effect. Figure 1c: Cohort effect
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Models adjusted by age, period, and cohort for suicide mortality in the male population, Brazil and regions, 1981 to 2020. Figure 2a: Age effect. Figure 2b: Period effect. Figure 2c: Cohort effect
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Models adjusted by age, period, and cohort for suicide mortality in the female population, Brazil and regions, 1981 to 2020. Figure 3a: Age effect. Figure 3b: Period effect. Figure 3c: Cohort effect
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