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Review
. 2023 Jun 26;13(13):2175.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13132175.

Vaccines in Breast Cancer: Challenges and Breakthroughs

Gul Naz Fatima  1 , Hera Fatma  1 , Shailendra K Saraf  1
Affiliations
Review

Vaccines in Breast Cancer: Challenges and Breakthroughs

Gul Naz Fatima et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Abstract

Breast cancer is a problem for women's health globally. Early detection techniques come in a variety of forms ranging from local to systemic and from non-invasive to invasive. The treatment of cancer has always been challenging despite the availability of a wide range of therapeutics. This is either due to the variable behaviour and heterogeneity of the proliferating cells and/or the individual's response towards the treatment applied. However, advancements in cancer biology and scientific technology have changed the course of the cancer treatment approach. This current review briefly encompasses the diagnostics, the latest and most recent breakthrough strategies and challenges, and the limitations in fighting breast cancer, emphasising the development of breast cancer vaccines. It also includes the filed/granted patents referring to the same aspects.

Keywords: adjuvants; antigens; biomarkers; breast cancer; challenges; diagnostics; patents; therapeutics; vaccine strategies.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The process of immunoediting carried out by cancer cells.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Immune-suppression by tumour cells.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanism of a peptide-based BCV.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Diagrammatic representation of vector-based vaccines.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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