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Review
. 2023 Jul 6;13(13):2303.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13132303.

Recent Advances of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Interstitial Lung Diseases

Konstantinos P Exarchos  1 , Georgia Gkrepi  1 , Konstantinos Kostikas  1 , Athena Gogali  1
Affiliations
Review

Recent Advances of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Interstitial Lung Diseases

Konstantinos P Exarchos et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Abstract

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise a rather heterogeneous group of diseases varying in pathophysiology, presentation, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Even though they have been recognized for several years, there are still areas of research debate. In the majority of ILDs, imaging modalities and especially high-resolution Computed Tomography (CT) scans have been the cornerstone in patient diagnostic approach and follow-up. The intricate nature of ILDs and the accompanying data have led to an increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, primarily on imaging data but also in genetic data, spirometry and lung diffusion, among others. In this literature review, we describe the most prominent applications of AI in ILDs presented approximately within the last five years. We roughly stratify these studies in three categories, namely: (i) screening, (ii) diagnosis and classification, (iii) prognosis.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; deep learning; diffuse parenchymal lung diseases; interstitial lung diseases; machine learning.

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Conflict of interest statement

K.P.E. has received honoraria for presentations and consultancy fees from Novartis, ELPEN, Chiesi and GSK. G.G. declares no conflicts of interest. Κ.K. has received honoraria for presentations and consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, CSL Behring, ELPEN, GSK, Menarini, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and WebMD. His department has received funding and grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Innovis, ELPEN, GSK, Menarini, Novartis and NuvoAir. A.G. reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, ELPEN, GSK, Novartis.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classification of ILDs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flowchart of the learning process.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Hierarchy of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning algorithms.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Provisional architecture of a deep neural network.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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