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. 2023 Jun 27;16(13):4639.
doi: 10.3390/ma16134639.

The Influence of the Washing Process on the Impedance of Textronic Radio Frequency Identification Transponder Antennas

Magdalena Nizioł  1 , Piotr Jankowski-Mihułowicz  2 , Mariusz Węglarski  2
Affiliations

The Influence of the Washing Process on the Impedance of Textronic Radio Frequency Identification Transponder Antennas

Magdalena Nizioł et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Antennas dedicated to RFID systems created on textile substrates should maintain strictly defined parameters. During washing, the materials from which such antennas are made are exposed to mechanical and chemical exposure-degradation of the parameters characterizing those materials may occur, which in turn may lead to a change in the parameters of the antenna. For research purposes, four groups of model dipole antennas (sewn with two types of conductive threads on two fabrics) were created and then they were subjected to several washing processes. After each stage of the experiment, the impedance parameters of the demonstration antennas were measured using indirect measurements. Based on the obtained results, it was found that these parameters change their values during washing, and that this is influenced by a number of factors, e.g., shrinkage of the substrate fabric.

Keywords: RFID textronic transponder; textile antennas; textronics; washable electronics; wearable antennas.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Block diagram of textronic RFID transponder (RFIDtex tag).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Model of the antenna with microelectronic module.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The RFIDtex transponder examples.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Laboratory research stand: (a) photo of the setup; (b) closeup of antenna under test; (c) microscopic view of the microelectronic module with attached probe.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Waveforms of the real part of the impedance of the model antennas from group (a) A; (b) B; (c) C; (d) D.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Waveforms of the real part of the impedance of the model antennas from group (a) A; (b) B; (c) C; (d) D.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Waveforms of the imaginary part of the impedance of the model antennas from group (a) A; (b) B; (c) C; (d) D.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Standard deviation of the real part of the impedance of the model antennas from group (a) A; (b) B; (c) C; (d) D.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Standard deviation of the imaginary part of the impedance of the model antennas from group (a) A; (b) B; (c) C; (d) D.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Waveforms of the (a) real part; (b) imaginary part of the impedance of the model antennas from all groups.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Waveforms of the real part of the impedance of the model antennas after recurrent washing from group (a) A; (b) B; (c) C; (d) D.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Waveforms of the real part of the impedance of the model antennas after recurrent washing from group (a) A; (b) B; (c) C; (d) D.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Waveforms of the imaginary part of the impedance of the model antennas after recurrent washing from group (a) A; (b) B; (c) C; (d) D.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Example of a damaged sample.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Standard deviation of the real part of the impedance of the model antennas at selected points of frequency from group (a) A; (b) B.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Standard deviation of the imaginary part of the impedance of the model antennas at selected points of frequency from group (a) A; (b) B.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Waveforms of the (a) real; (b) imaginary part of the impedance of the selected antenna.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Standard deviation of the (a) real; (b) imaginary part of the impedance of the selected antenna.
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