Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Jun 27;24(13):10694.
doi: 10.3390/ijms241310694.

Research Advances on the Bioactivity of 1,2,3-Triazolium Salts

Jia Song  1 , Jie Lv  1 , Jiamiao Jin  1 , Zhichao Jin  1 , Tingting Li  1 , Jian Wu  1
Affiliations
Review

Research Advances on the Bioactivity of 1,2,3-Triazolium Salts

Jia Song et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

1,2,3-Triazolium salts have demonstrated significant potential in the fields of medicine and agriculture, exhibiting exceptional antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antileishmanial properties. Moreover, these salts can be utilized as additives or components to produce nano- and fiber-based materials with antibacterial properties. In this review, we summarize several synthetic strategies to obtain 1,2,3-triazolium salts and the structures of 1,2,3-triazolium derivatives with biological activities in the domains of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and functional materials. Additionally, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 1,2,3-triazolium salts with different biological activities has been analyzed. Finally, this review presents the potential applications and prospects of 1,2,3-triazolium salts in the fields of agriculture, medicine, and industrial synthesis.

Keywords: 1,2,3-triazolium salts; SAR; antibacterial; anticancer; antifungal; antileishmanial; synthesis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Thermal and catalytic [3+2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction of 1,2,3-triazole.
Scheme 2
Scheme 2
N-alkylation of 1,2,3-triazole.
Scheme 3
Scheme 3
Salt metathesis of 1,2,3-triazolium salt.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Structures of 1,3,4-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazolium salts with antibacterial activities.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structures of anthraquinone triazolium compounds with antibacterial activities.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structures of 1,2,3-triazolium-based peptoid oligomers with antibacterial activities.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Structures of condensed-heterocyclic 1,2,3-triazolium salts with antibacterial activities.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structures of 1,2,3-triazolium-based polymers with antibacterial activities.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Structures of 1,2,3-triazolium-based complex with antibacterial activities.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The summarized structure–activity relationship of antibacterial 1,2,3-triazolium.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Structures of 1,2,3-triazolium-based polysaccharides with antifungal activities.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Structures of 1,2,3-Triazolium-based chitosan derivative with antifungal activity.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Structures of 1,2,3-triazolium-5-olates derivative with antifungal activity.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The summarized structure–activity relationship of antifungal 1,2,3-triazolium.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Structures of 1,3,4-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazolium salts with anticancer activities.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Structures of anthraquinone triazolium compounds with anticancer activities.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Structures of allobetulin 1,2,3-triazolium derivatives with anticancer activities.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Structures of the 1,2,3-triazolium complex with anticancer activity.
Figure 16
Figure 16
The summarized structure–activity relationship of anticancer 1,2,3-triazolium.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Structures of 1,3,4-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazolium salts with antileishmanial activities.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Structures of other 1,2,3-triazolium salts with antileishmanial activities.
Figure 19
Figure 19
The summarized structure–activity relationship of antileishmanial 1,2,3-triazolium.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Xie M., Tang H., Zhang Y., Guo Z., Guo H., Qu G. A new method for the synthesis of alkyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazole compounds. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2015;35:2589–2594. doi: 10.6023/cjoc201505040. - DOI
    1. Weiss Z.F., Little J., Hammond S. Evolution of antifungals for invasive mold infections in immunocompromised hosts, then and now. Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. 2023;21:535–549. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2207821. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Aizpurua J.M., Fratila R.M., Monasterio Z., Pérez-Esnaola N., Andreieff E., Irastorzaa A., Sagartzazu-Aizpuruaa M. Triazolium cations: From the “click” pool to multipurpose applications. New J. Chem. 2014;38:474–480. doi: 10.1039/C3NJ00667K. - DOI
    1. Yacob Z., Liebscher J. 1,2,3-Triazolium salts as a versatile new class of ionic liquids. In: Handy S.T., editor. Ionic Liquids. Volume 1. IntechOpen; Rijeka, Germany: 2011. pp. 3–23. - DOI
    1. Li Q., Qiu L., Tan W., Gu G., Guo Z. Novel 1,2,3-triazolium-functionalized inulin derivatives: Synthesis, free radical-scavenging activity, and antifungal activity. RSC Adv. 2017;7:42225–42232. doi: 10.1039/C7RA08244D. - DOI

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources