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. 2023 Jun 26;12(13):2453.
doi: 10.3390/plants12132453.

Identification of Floral Volatile Components and Expression Analysis of Controlling Gene in Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' under Different Cultivation Conditions

Huili Ma  1 , Chenjie Zhang  2 , Tongfei Niu  2 , Meida Chen  2 , Lili Guo  2 , Xiaogai Hou  2
Affiliations

Identification of Floral Volatile Components and Expression Analysis of Controlling Gene in Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' under Different Cultivation Conditions

Huili Ma et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

In order to explore the release rule of floral volatile substances and the diurnal variation of different flower development stages of Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' in potted and ground-planted conditions, dynamic headspace adsorption combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used to analyze the dynamic changes in floral volatile components and contents. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze changes in flower fragrance-regulating genes PsPAL, PsTPSs, and PsbHLH at different flower development stages and a daily change process at the full-blooming stage. The results show that there were differences in aroma components and contents of Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' at different flower development stages and different time quantum of every day. There were 25 and 28 aroma components identified in 7 flower development stages of tree peonies planted in pots and in the field, respectively, and 23 and 22 aroma components identified at different time quantum of the day, of which the largest and highest content was alkanes. The main characteristic aroma substances were (E)-β-ocimene, 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, methyl jasmonate, nerol, and cinnamyl alcohol; released amounts of the abovementioned substances varied depending on the development stage and the time of the day. The expression of flower fragrance-controlling genes (PsPAL, PsTPSs, and PsbHLH) in tree peonies varied greatly in different conditions. The results of this study provide a valuable resource to investigate floral fragrance formation in tree peonies.

Keywords: Paeonia ostii; controlling gene; different cultivation conditions; floral volatile components.

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Conflict of interest statement

We declare that we have no known competing financial interest or personal relationship that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classification and content of volatile components at different flower development stages of potted and field-planted Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’. (A) potted Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’; (B) field-planted Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’; CE: color exposure stage; BS: blooming stage; IF: initial flowering stage; HO: half-opening stage; FB: full-blooming stage; ID: initial decay stage; DE: decay stage.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Characteristic aroma analysis of potted and field-planted Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ at different flower development stages. CE: color-exposure stage; BS: blooming stage; IF: initial flowering stage; HO: half-opening stage; FB: full-blooming stage; ID: initial decay stage; DE: decay stage. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences, p < 0.05. Error bars, standard error of the mean (SEM). (A) The expression quantity of (E)-β-ocimene in different flower development stages under two cultivation conditions; (B) The expression quantity of nerol in different flower development stages under two cultivation conditions; (C) The expression quantity of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene in different flower development stages under two cultivation conditions; (D) The expression quantity of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol in different flower development stages under two cultivation conditions.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Classification and content of daily volatile components in potted and field-planted Paeonia ostia ‘Fengdan’. (A) potted Paeonia ostia ‘Fengdan’; (B) field-planted Paeonia ostia ‘Fengdan’.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Daily change analysis of characteristic aroma of potted and field-planted Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences, p < 0.05. Error bars, standard error of the mean (SEM). (A) The expression quantity of (E)-β-ocimene in different time stages under two cultivation conditions; (B) The expression quantity of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene in different time stages under two cultivation conditions; (C) The expression quantity of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol in different time stages under two cultivation conditions; (D) The expression quantity of methyl jasmonate in different time stages under two cultivation conditions; (E) The expression quantity of nerol in different time stages under two cultivation conditions; (F) The expression quantity of cinnamyl alcohol in different time stages under two cultivation conditions.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Expression analysis of genes related to floral fragrance regulation at different flower development stages. Bars represent the relative expression, determined by qRT-PCR, of PsPAL, PsTPSs, and PsbHLH at the seven flower development stages (CE: color exposure stage; BS: blooming stage; IF: initial flowering stage; HO: half-opening stage; FB: full-blooming stage; ID: initial decay stage; DE: decay stage) of potted (orange color) and field-planted (green color) Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences, p < 0.05. Error bars, standard error of the mean (SEM). (A) Relative expression of PsPAL at the seven flower development stages; (B) Relative expression of PsTPSs at the seven flower development stages; (C) Relative expression of PsbHLH at the seven flower development stages.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Expression analysis of the daily change of genes related to floral fragrance regulation. Bars represent the relative expression, determined by qRT-PCR, of PsPAL, PsTPSs, and PsbHLH at different times of the day for potted (orange color) and field-planted (green color) ‘Fengdan’. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences, p < 0.05. Error bars, standard error of the mean (SEM). (A) Relative expression of PsPAL at different times of the day; (B) Relative expression of PsTPSs at different times of the day; (C) Relative expression of PsbHLH at different times of the day.
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