Abundant presolar grains and primordial organics preserved in carbon-rich exogenous clasts in asteroid Ryugu

Ann N Nguyen¹, Prajkta Mane², Lindsay P Keller¹, Laurette Piani³, Yoshinari Abe⁴, Jérôme Aléon⁵, Conel M O'D Alexander⁶, Sachiko Amari^{7

8}, Yuri Amelin⁹, Ken-Ichi Bajo¹⁰, Martin Bizzarro¹¹, Audrey Bouvier¹², Richard W Carlson⁶, Marc Chaussidon¹³, Byeon-Gak Choi¹⁴, Nicolas Dauphas¹⁵, Andrew M Davis¹⁵, Tommaso Di Rocco¹⁶, Wataru Fujiya¹⁷, Ryota Fukai¹⁸, Ikshu Gautam¹⁹, Makiko K Haba¹⁹, Yuki Hibiya²⁰, Hiroshi Hidaka²¹, Hisashi Homma²², Peter Hoppe²³, Gary R Huss²⁴, Kiyohiro Ichida²⁵, Tsuyoshi Iizuka²⁶, Trevor R Ireland²⁷, Akira Ishikawa¹⁹, Shoichi Itoh²⁸, Noriyuki Kawasaki¹⁰, Noriko T Kita²⁹, Kouki Kitajima²⁹, Thorsten Kleine³⁰, Shintaro Komatani²⁵, Alexander N Krot²⁴, Ming-Chang Liu³¹, Yuki Masuda¹⁹, Kevin D McKeegan³¹, Mayu Morita²⁵, Kazuko Motomura³², Frédéric Moynier¹³, Izumi Nakai³³, Kazuhide Nagashima²⁴, David Nesvorný³⁴, Larry Nittler^{6

35}, Morihiko Onose²⁵, Andreas Pack¹⁶, Changkun Park³⁶, Liping Qin³⁷, Sara S Russell³⁸, Naoya Sakamoto³⁹, Maria Schönbächler⁴⁰, Lauren Tafla³¹, Haolan Tang³¹, Kentaro Terada⁴¹, Yasuko Terada⁴², Tomohiro Usui¹⁷, Sohei Wada¹⁰, Meenakshi Wadhwa³⁵, Richard J Walker⁴³, Katsuyuki Yamashita⁴⁴, Qing-Zhu Yin⁴⁵, Tetsuya Yokoyama¹⁹, Shigekazu Yoneda⁴⁶, Edward D Young³¹, Hiroharu Yui⁴⁷, Ai-Cheng Zhang⁴⁸, Tomoki Nakamura⁴⁹, Hiroshi Naraoka⁵⁰, Takaaki Noguchi²⁸, Ryuji Okazaki⁵⁰, Kanako Sakamoto¹⁸, Hikaru Yabuta⁵¹, Masanao Abe¹⁸, Akiko Miyazaki¹⁸, Aiko Nakato¹⁸, Masahiro Nishimura¹⁸, Tatsuaki Okada¹⁸, Toru Yada¹⁸, Kasumi Yogata¹⁸, Satoru Nakazawa¹⁸, Takanao Saiki¹⁸, Satoshi Tanaka¹⁸, Fuyuto Terui⁵², Yuichi Tsuda¹⁸, Sei-Ichiro Watanabe²¹, Makoto Yoshikawa¹⁸, Shogo Tachibana⁵³, Hisayoshi Yurimoto^{10

38}

Affiliations

¹ Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
² Universities Space Research Association, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
³ Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54500, France.
⁴ Graduate School of Engineering Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan.
⁵ Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD, Paris 75005, France.
⁶ Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
⁷ McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Physics Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
⁸ Geochemical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
⁹ Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China.
¹⁰ Department of Natural History Sciences, IIL, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
¹¹ Centre for Star and Planet Formation, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K 1350, Denmark.
¹² Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany.
¹³ Université Paris Cités, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris 75005, France.
¹⁴ Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
¹⁵ Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
¹⁶ Faculty of Geosciences and Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany.
¹⁷ Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan.
¹⁸ Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
¹⁹ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
²⁰ General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan.
²¹ Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
²² Osaka Application Laboratory, SBUWDX, Rigaku Corporation, Osaka 569-1146, Japan.
²³ Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany.
²⁴ Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
²⁵ Analytical Technology, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan.
²⁶ Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
²⁷ School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
²⁸ Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
²⁹ Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
³⁰ Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
³¹ Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
³² Thermal Analysis, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan.
³³ Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
³⁴ Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.
³⁵ School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
³⁶ Earth System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
³⁷ CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, University of Science and Technology of China, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Anhui 230026, China.
³⁸ Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
³⁹ Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
⁴⁰ Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
⁴¹ Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
⁴² Spectroscopy and Imaging, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
⁴³ Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
⁴⁴ Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
⁴⁵ Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
⁴⁶ Science and Engineering, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan.
⁴⁷ Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
⁴⁸ School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
⁴⁹ Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
⁵⁰ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
⁵¹ Earth and Planetary Systems Science Program, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
⁵² Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.
⁵³ UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

PMID: 37450600
PMCID: PMC10348677
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1003

Abundant presolar grains and primordial organics preserved in carbon-rich exogenous clasts in asteroid Ryugu

Ann N Nguyen et al. Sci Adv. 2023.

. 2023 Jul 14;9(28):eadh1003.

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1003. Epub 2023 Jul 14.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
² Universities Space Research Association, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
³ Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54500, France.
⁴ Graduate School of Engineering Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan.
⁵ Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD, Paris 75005, France.
⁶ Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
⁷ McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Physics Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
⁸ Geochemical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
⁹ Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China.
¹⁰ Department of Natural History Sciences, IIL, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
¹¹ Centre for Star and Planet Formation, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K 1350, Denmark.
¹² Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany.
¹³ Université Paris Cités, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris 75005, France.
¹⁴ Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
¹⁵ Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
¹⁶ Faculty of Geosciences and Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany.
¹⁷ Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan.
¹⁸ Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
¹⁹ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
²⁰ General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan.
²¹ Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
²² Osaka Application Laboratory, SBUWDX, Rigaku Corporation, Osaka 569-1146, Japan.
²³ Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany.
²⁴ Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
²⁵ Analytical Technology, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan.
²⁶ Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
²⁷ School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
²⁸ Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
²⁹ Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
³⁰ Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
³¹ Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
³² Thermal Analysis, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan.
³³ Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
³⁴ Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.
³⁵ School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
³⁶ Earth System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
³⁷ CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, University of Science and Technology of China, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Anhui 230026, China.
³⁸ Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
³⁹ Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
⁴⁰ Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
⁴¹ Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
⁴² Spectroscopy and Imaging, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
⁴³ Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
⁴⁴ Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
⁴⁵ Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
⁴⁶ Science and Engineering, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan.
⁴⁷ Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
⁴⁸ School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
⁴⁹ Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
⁵⁰ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
⁵¹ Earth and Planetary Systems Science Program, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
⁵² Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.
⁵³ UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

PMID: 37450600
PMCID: PMC10348677
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1003

Abstract

Preliminary analyses of asteroid Ryugu samples show kinship to aqueously altered CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites, suggesting similar origins. We report identification of C-rich, particularly primitive clasts in Ryugu samples that contain preserved presolar silicate grains and exceptional abundances of presolar SiC and isotopically anomalous organic matter. The high presolar silicate abundance (104 ppm) indicates that the clast escaped extensive alteration. The 5 to 10 times higher abundances of presolar SiC (~235 ppm), N-rich organic matter, organics with N isotopic anomalies (1.2%), and organics with C isotopic anomalies (0.2%) in the primitive clasts compared to bulk Ryugu suggest that the clasts formed in a unique part of the protoplanetary disk enriched in presolar materials. These clasts likely represent previously unsampled outer solar system material that accreted onto Ryugu after aqueous alteration ceased, consistent with Ryugu's rubble pile origin.

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Figures

**Fig. 1.. Backscattered electron (BSE) image and elemental maps of a region of grain C0002 containing primitive clast 1, outlined in the BSE image.**
This clast is rich in Fe and S and depleted in Mg, Si, and O compared to the surrounding matrix. It also contains Mg-rich silicate grains that are likely olivine. White arrows indicate a cluster of these grains.

**Fig. 2.. Region of grain C0002 containing a portion of primitive clast 1 and hydrated Ryugu matrix.**
The BSE (top left) and corresponding NanoSIMS ¹⁶O, ²⁸Si, ²⁴Mg¹⁶O, ¹²C, and ¹²C¹⁴N ion images show that the clast 1 matrix is more fine-grained and has a well-defined boundary with the altered Ryugu matrix. The NanoSIMS ion images show that the clast has lower ²⁸Si signal and greater ¹²C and ¹²C¹⁴N signals relative to the neighboring matrix, indicative of a higher abundance of N-rich organic matter in the clast. The ¹²C¹⁴N image was acquired in a subsequent measurement, and the analysis region is shifted up by 3 μm relative to the other images. This portion of clast 1 contains ¹⁷O-rich presolar silicate C0002-C1 and ¹³C-rich presolar SiC grain C0002-C7, shown by the arrows in the NanoSIMS δ¹⁷O/¹⁶O and δ¹³C/¹²C ratio images. Isotope ratios are given as deviations from the standard values in per mil (‰). Small variations in the isotope ratio images are due to statistical fluctuations.

**Fig. 3.. NanoSIMS and TEM data for the ¹⁷O-rich presolar grain C0002-C3.**
The presolar grain is indicated by the arrow in the ¹⁷O/¹⁶O ratio image of a region of clast 1 (top left). Isotopic ratios are given as deviations from terrestrial composition in per mil (‰). The inset in the high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM) image shows diffuse scattering consistent with an amorphous structure. The bright-field STEM (BF-STEM) image and elemental maps of the presolar grain (outlined in red) show that it is a silicate with pyroxene stoichiometry and composition (Mg_0.8Fe_0.2)(Si, Al)O₃.

**Fig. 4.. Isotopic compositions and abundances of IAOM in the Ryugu matrix and primitive clasts 1 and 2.**
The IAOM in the different lithologies has similar C and N isotopic distributions (A). However, the clasts have much higher abundances of IAOM [%; (B)] than the Ryugu matrix. Isotopically normal organic matter is not plotted. Errors in (A) are 1σ.

**Fig. 5.. Abundances of presolar grains in Ryugu, carbonaceous chondrites, and an AMM.**
Abundances of presolar silicates and oxides (O-rich), SiC, and graphite in clasts 1 and 2 and Ryugu matrix compared to abundances in chondrites of various classes [(9) and references therein (10, 18, 19, 22, 33, 36, 37, 51)] and an AMM (31). The abundances in Ryugu are consistent with CI chondrites except for clasts 1 and 2, which have remarkably high abundances of presolar SiC grains. The presolar silicate abundance in clast 1 is similar to primitive chondrites and not altered CI. Presolar O-rich grain abundances for A0040 clast 2, total Ryugu without clasts, and Ivuna (22) are upper limits. Errors are 1σ. wo, without. Not plotted are presolar grain abundances in comet Wild 2 and IDPs. The abundance of O-rich presolar grains in comet Wild 2 samples is 600 to 830 ppm, and the abundance of presolar SiC is 45 ppm (26). Anhydrous IDPs display a wide range of presolar abundances for O-rich grains (20 to 23,080 ppm including 1σ errors) and SiC grains (10 to 630 ppm including 1σ errors) (21, 27, 34, 35).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Abundant presolar grains and primordial organics preserved in carbon-rich exogenous clasts in asteroid Ryugu

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Abundant presolar grains and primordial organics preserved in carbon-rich exogenous clasts in asteroid Ryugu

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