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. 2023 Jun 29:14:1218905.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1218905. eCollection 2023.

Elevated Chinese visceral adiposity index increases the risk of stroke in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome

Zeyu Liu  1   2   3 , Qin Huang  1   2   3 , Bi Deng  1   2   3 , Minping Wei  1   2   3 , Xianjing Feng  1   2   3 , Fang Yu  1   2   3 , Jie Feng  1   2   3 , Yang Du  1   2   3 , Jian Xia  1   2   3
Affiliations

Elevated Chinese visceral adiposity index increases the risk of stroke in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome

Zeyu Liu et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) are considered at high-risk for incident stroke. An indicator of visceral adiposity dysfunction, the Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) is used to evaluate the dysfunction of visceral fat. Given the impact of visceral adiposity dysfunction on elevating cardiovascular hazards, this study aimed to examine the association between CVAI and stroke risk in MetS patients.

Method: Between November 2017 and December 2018, a total of 18,974 individuals aged ≥40 underwent standardized in-person clinical interviews in Hunan Province, with 6,732 meeting the criteria for MetS. After the baseline survey was completed, subsequent surveys were conducted biennially. The study was split into two stages performed at baseline and after two years. During the former, receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to assess the accuracy of using baseline CVAI in diagnosing MetS. After two years, we examined the association between CVAI and incident stroke in MetS patients using logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis.

Result: As evidenced by a higher AUC (AUC:0.741), CVAI demonstrated superior diagnostic performance relative to body mass index (AUC:0.631) and waist circumference (AUC:0.627) in diagnosing MetS. After a 2-year follow-up, 72 MetS patients had a stroke event. There was a robust positive correlation between incident stroke and CVAI in patients with MetS. Each 1 SD increase in CVAI was associated with a 1.52-fold higher risk of stroke after adjustment for confounding factors (aOR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.18-1.95). The RCS demonstrated a reduced risk of stroke for MetS patients when the CVAI was below 110.91. However, no significant correlation was detected between CVAI and stroke in non-MetS patients.

Conclusion: Our findings recommend CVAI as a superior screening tool for detecting MetS and suggest that reducing CVAI can mitigate the risk of stroke in patients with MetS.

Keywords: Chinese visceral adiposity index; metabolic syndrome; obesity; stroke; visceral fat tissue.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Associations of baseline CVAI with MetS. (A) As the CVAI increased, there was a corresponding rise in the prevalence of MetS; (B) Dose–response relationship of CVAI and MetS risk. CVAI could increase the risk of MetS when higher than 90.94. MetS, metabolic syndrome; CVAI, Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The ROC curves of CVAI, BMI and WC for MetS diagnosis. The area under the ROC curve of CVAI was 0.741 for diagnosing MetS, which is significantly superior to BMI and WC among Chinese adults (all p < 0.05). ROC, receiver-operating characteristic; CVAI, Chinese visceral adiposity index; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Associations of baseline CVAI with incident stroke among MetS patients. (A) MetS patients in the higher quartile of CVAI demonstrate a significantly elevated risk of stroke; (B) Dose–response relationship of CVAI and stroke risk. A reduced stroke risk was observed when the CVAI was either less than 110.91. MetS, metabolic syndrome; CVAI, Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
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