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. 2023 May 15;11(7):4191-4210.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3420. eCollection 2023 Jul.

Phytochemicals and bioactive compounds effective against acute myeloid leukemia: A systematic review

Chukwuebuka Egbuna  1   2   3 , Kingsley C Patrick-Iwuanyanwu  1   2 , Eugene N Onyeike  1   2 , Johra Khan  4 , Santwana Palai  5 , Sandip B Patel  6 , Vijaykumar K Parmar  7 , Garima Kushwaha  8 , Omkar Singh  9 , Jaison Jeevanandam  10 , Suresh Kumarasamy  11 , Chukwuemelie Zedech Uche  12 , Mathiyazhagan Narayanan  13 , Mithun Rudrapal  14 , Uchenna Odoh  15 , Ikenna Chikeokwu  16 , Mihnea-Alexandru Găman  17   18 , Kaliyaperumal Saravanan  19 , Jonathan C Ifemeje  3 , Shahira M Ezzat  20   21 , Michael C Olisah  22 , Chukwudi Jude Chikwendu  3 , Kamoru A Adedokun  23 , Sikiru O Imodoye  24 , Ibrahim O Bello  25 , Hannington Twinomuhwezi  26   27 , Chinaza Godswill Awuchi  27
Affiliations

Phytochemicals and bioactive compounds effective against acute myeloid leukemia: A systematic review

Chukwuebuka Egbuna et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

This systematic review identified various bioactive compounds which have the potential to serve as novel drugs or leads against acute myeloid leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy that arises from the dysregulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. The risk factors associated with the onset of AML include long-term exposure to radiation and chemicals such as benzene, smoking, genetic disorders, blood disorders, advancement in age, and others. Although novel strategies to manage AML, including a refinement of the conventional chemotherapy regimens, hypomethylating agents, and molecular targeted drugs, have been developed in recent years, resistance and relapse remain the main clinical problems. In this study, three databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched to identify various bioactive compounds with antileukemic properties. A total of 518 articles were identified, out of which 59 were viewed as eligible for the current report. From the data extracted, over 60 bioactive compounds were identified and divided into five major groups: flavonoids, alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, terpenes, and terpenoids, and other known and emerging bioactive compounds. The mechanism of actions of the analyzed individual bioactive molecules differs remarkably and includes disrupting chromatin structure, upregulating the synthesis of certain DNA repair proteins, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibiting/regulating Hsp90 activities, DNA methyltransferase 1, and histone deacetylase 1.

Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia; drug discovery; leukemia; natural products; secondary metabolites.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
PRISMA flow chart showing the number of selected articles.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Major compound classes summarized from Table 2.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Chemical structures of some flavonoids.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Chemical structures of homoharringtonine and nitidine.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Chemical structures of some organosulfur compounds.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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