Evaluating the Effect of Different Intra-Orifice Barriers and Various Bleaching Agents on the Fracture Resistance of Teeth After the Walking Bleach Procedure: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three different commercially available intra-orifice barriers and bleaching agents on root canal-treated teeth. Materials and methods Forty-five freshly extracted single-rooted incisors, canine, and premolars were collected and stored in 10% formalin. Root canal procedures were performed on the extracted teeth and these were classified into three groups and three subgroups (n=5). Group 1: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC); placed at the level of cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and cured for 20 seconds. Group 2: Biodentin^TM (Septodont Ltd., Saint Maur des Fausse´s, France); powder and liquid were mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions and placed at the level of CEJ, and waited for 15 minutes to set. Group 3: bulk-fill composite; placed at the level of CEJ. Group A was treated with 35% carbamide peroxide (Ultradent Opalescence 35% PF regular). Group B was bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Pola Office). Group C, which was the control group, was treated with distilled water. The bleaching procedure was repeated once every seven days for a period of three weeks. After bleaching, every sample was sectioned 2 mm above the level of CEJ to remove the crown. Auniversal testing machine (UTM) was used for the evaluation of the fracture resistance of teeth. Data were analyzed for significance by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further pair-wise comparison was performed by pos-hoc analysis. The level of significance was set at p<0.05 Results There was a significant difference between the fracture resistance of the three materials when bleached using distilled water (p<0.05). The fracture resistance of Group 3 was significantly greater than that of Group 2 and Group 1 (p<0.05). The difference in the fracture resistance between Group 1 and Group 2 was nonsignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion Walking bleach performed via bleaching agents 35% carbamide peroxide and 35% hydrogen peroxide leads to a reduction in the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth; 35% hydrogen peroxide causes more fracture resistance reduction than carbamide peroxide of the same concentration. The presence of intra-orifice barriers leads to greater fracture resistance and reinforcement of endodontically treated teeth that undergo the walking bleach procedure. Bulk-fill composite can be used as an intra-orifice barrier with good fracture resistance.

Keywords: biodentine; bulk-fill composite; external cervical resorption; intra coronal bleaching; intra orifice barriers; white mineral trioxide aggregate.

Figure 1. Extracted teeth mounted in acrylic blocks

Figure 2. Decoronated samples after bleaching

Figure 3. Graphical representation of the measurement of fracture resistance by using a universal testing machine (UTM)

Figure 4. Measuring fracture resistance of samples by using a universal testing machine (UTM)

Figure 5. Comparison of fracture resistance among the three groups