Cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunctions: A reflective review

Abstract

Purpose: Pediatric hydrocephalus is a common and challenging condition. To date, the ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is still the main lifesaving treatment option. Nonetheless, it remains imperfect and is associated with multiple short- and long-term complications. This paper is a reflective review of the current state of the VPS, our knowledge gaps, and the future state of shunts in neurosurgical practice.

Methods and results: The authors' reflections are based on a review of shunts and shunt-related literature.

Conclusion: Overall, there is still an urgent need for the neurosurgical community to actively improve current strategies for shunt failures and shunt-related morbidity. The authors emphasize the role of collaborative efforts amongst like-minded clinicians to establish pragmatic approaches to avoid shunt complications.

Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid shunts; Hydrocephalus; Shunt complications; Shunt failure; Ventriculoperitoneal shunt.