Arthroscopic Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using the Quadrupled Hamstring Tendon Graft: A Single-Institution Experience From North-Eastern India

Abstract

Background There is a lack of literature regarding the arthroscopic approach to a single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the quadrupled hamstring tendon graft in the north-eastern Indian population. Methodology A prospective, single-center study was planned for patients with ACL tears according to the eligibility criteria and with a defined surgical protocol. Patients were followed up from the preoperative period for at least one year, and knee function was evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee score and the Lysholm knee score. Results A total of 29 patients were followed up for a mean of 14.6 months (12-22 months). The mean age of patients was 26.83 ± 7.50 years, with a male:female ratio of 4.8:1 and almost equal involvement of both knees. There was statistically significant improvement (p<0.001) in results in the Lachman test, anterior drawer test, pivot shift test, IKDC score, and Lysholm score. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were found in the present study. Discussion The study shows that arthroscopic anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction using quadrupled hamstring tendon grafts is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective procedure that provides anteroposterior and rotational stability and good to excellent functional outcomes.

Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament (acl); anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (aclr); arthroscopy surgeon; north-east india; north-eastern india; semitendinosus graft; single bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Figure 1. Prepared semitendinosus graft

Figure 2. Flowchart of the study

Figure 3. Bar diagram depicting pivot shift test at preoperative period and at one-year follow-up

Figure 4. A line diagram depicting the IKDC score and Lysholm score at different time intervals