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. 2023 Jul 17:31:e20230104.
doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0104. eCollection 2023.

Effectiveness of disinfectant solutions associated or not with brushing on the biofilm control of a 3D printed-denture base resin

Thaís Soares Bezerra Santos Nunes  1 , Marcela Dantas Dias da Silva  1 , Sabrina Romão Gonçalves Coelho  1 , Hamile Emanuella do Carmo Viotto  1 , Ana Carolina Pero  1
Affiliations

Effectiveness of disinfectant solutions associated or not with brushing on the biofilm control of a 3D printed-denture base resin

Thaís Soares Bezerra Santos Nunes et al. J Appl Oral Sci. .

Abstract

Background: The formation of biofilm on denture bases is a recurrent clinical problem that favors the development of denture stomatitis. The effectiveness of a hygiene protocol in a 3D-printed denture base resin is still uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate of the effectiveness of immersion, associated or not with brushing in a soap solution, on the biofilm control of a 3D-printed denture base resin.

Methodology: Specimens of denture base resins [Cosmos Denture (COS) and Classico (CLA/control)] were contaminated in vitro with Candida albicans and immersed in sodium hypochlorite 0.25% (SH, alkaline peroxide) AP, chlorhexidine digluconate 2% (CD or PBS-Control), associated or not with brushing with 0.78% Lifebuoy soap. Roughness was evaluated before and after brushing and immersion. The effectiveness of the protocols was assessed by CFU/mL, cellular metabolism (XTT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Data were analyzed by T student, ANOVA/Welch, and Tukey/Gomes-Howell pos-hoc tests (α = 0.05).

Results: CLA showed greater roughness than COS. CFU/mL and XTT were higher in COS resin with a higher hyphae formation. Immersion in SH and CD eliminated CFU/mL and reduced XTT for both resins, associated or not with brushing. AP reduced CFU/mL only when associated with brushing.

Conclusions: The biofilm on the 3D-printed resin was thicker and presumably more pathogenic, regardless of its smoother surface. Immersions in SH 0.25% and CD 2% are effective hygiene protocols for both resins, associated or not with brushing. AP should be recommended when associated with brushing with a Lifebuoy 0.78% solution.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Flowchart for distribution of specimens
Figure 2
Figure 2. Mean surface roughness values (μm) of CLA and COS resin specimens used in the study and their respective standard deviations. Different capital letters denote significant difference (p=0.002) between the mean surface roughness of CLA and COS resins
Figure 3
Figure 3. A, Mean log10 (CFU/mL) values obtained for immersion. C, Mean log10 (CFU/mL) values obtained for brushing and immersion. B, Mean optical density (OD) values obtained by immersion. D, Mean optical density (OD) values obtained by brushing and immersion. B, D, Percentage values on the top of the bars correspond to the percentage reduction in metabolism compared to the control group. Error bars: standard deviation (n=9). Different capital letters on the top of the bars denote significant difference (p<0.05) between immersion treatments for a same resin. Different lowercase letters denote significant difference (p<0.05) between resins for a same immersion treatment
Figure 4
Figure 4. A, Mean log10 (CFU/mL) values obtained for immersion in alkaline peroxide and brushing and immersion in alkaline peroxide. B, Mean optical density (OD) values obtained by immersion and brushing and immersion in PBS. B, Percentage value on the top of the bar correspond to the percentage reduction in metabolism compared to immersion. Error bars: standard deviation (n=9). Different capital letters on the top of the bars denote significant difference (p<0.05) between treatments (p<0.05)
Figure 5
Figure 5. A, Mean roughness values (Ra µm) and respective standard deviations of CLA resin specimens before and after brushing and immersion in disinfectant solutions. B, Mean roughness values (Ra µm) and respective standard deviations of COS resin specimens before and after brushing and immersion in disinfectant solutions
Figure 6
Figure 6. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of the mature biofilm on the specimens A, CLA 500×. B, CLA 1.000×. C, CLA 2.000×. D, COS 500×. E, COS 1.000×. F, COS 2.000×
Figure 7
Figure 7. Confocal laser scanning microscopic images (excitation/emission of syto-9: 480/500 nm; propidium iodide: 490/635 nm) of mature biofilm on CLA and COS resin specimens after exposure to the brushing and immersion combination. A, CLA in sodium hypochlorite sodium. B, CLA in 2% chlorhexidine. C, CLA in alkaline peroxide. D, CLA in PBS-Control. E, COS in sodium hypochlorite sodium. F, COS in 2% chlorhexidine. G, COS in alkaline peroxide. H, COS in PBS-Control
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