Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 1986 Aug;23(4):333-7.
doi: 10.1136/jmg.23.4.333.

Aetiological factors in hypospadias

E Calzolari, M R Contiero, E Roncarati, P L Mattiuz, S Volpato

Aetiological factors in hypospadias

E Calzolari et al. J Med Genet. 1986 Aug.

Abstract

Epidemiological and genetic variables in hypospadias were analysed during the years 1978 to 1983 in a case control study of congenital malformations in the Emilia Romagna region of northern Italy. During the observation period, in a sample of 41 078 male newborns, 168 had hypospadias giving a prevalence at birth of 4.1 in 1000 males. Hypospadias was divided into three types: type I or mild (75.0%); type II or moderate (21.4%); and type III or severe (3.6%). Coexisting malformations were found in 8.9% of cases. The heritability coefficient was 0.669. Maternal risk factors correlated with hypospadias were found to be early age at menarche, threatened abortion, and exposure to progestins. Low birth weight and shorter gestation were also correlated with hypospadias.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Am J Hum Genet. 1968 Jan;20(1):44-60 - PubMed
    1. J Med Genet. 1971 Jun;8(2):153-9 - PubMed
    1. Clin Genet. 1976 Mar;9(3):285-8 - PubMed
    1. J Urol. 1976 Nov;116(5):585-6 - PubMed
    1. N Engl J Med. 1979 Jan 11;300(2):75-8 - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources