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. 2023 Jul 20;10(1):469.
doi: 10.1038/s41597-023-02232-w.

The daily updated Dutch national database on COVID-19 epidemiology, vaccination and sewage surveillance

E L P E Geubbels  1 , J A Backer  2 , F Bakhshi-Raiez  3 , R F H J van der Beek  2 , B H B van Benthem  2 , J van den Boogaard  2   4 , E H Broekman  5 , D A Dongelmans  3   6 , D Eggink  2 , R D van Gaalen  2 , A van Gageldonk  2 , S Hahné  2 , K Hajji  2 , A Hofhuis  2 , A J van Hoek  2 , M N Kooijman  7 , A Kroneman  2 , W Lodder  2 , M van Rooijen  2 , W Roorda  5 , N Smorenburg  2 , F Zwagemaker  2 ; National sewage surveillance group; RIVM COVID-19 epidemiology, surveillance team; N F de Keizer  3   8 , I van Walle  2 , A M de Roda Husman  2 , C Ruijs  5 , S van den Hof  9
Collaborators, Affiliations

The daily updated Dutch national database on COVID-19 epidemiology, vaccination and sewage surveillance

E L P E Geubbels et al. Sci Data. .

Abstract

The Dutch national open database on COVID-19 has been incrementally expanded since its start on 30 April 2020 and now includes datasets on symptoms, tests performed, individual-level positive cases and deaths, cases and deaths among vulnerable populations, settings of transmission, hospital and ICU admissions, SARS-CoV-2 variants, viral loads in sewage, vaccinations and the effective reproduction number. This data is collected by municipal health services, laboratories, hospitals, sewage treatment plants, vaccination providers and citizens and is cleaned, analysed and published, mostly daily, by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) in the Netherlands, using automated scripts. Because these datasets cover the key aspects of the pandemic and are available at detailed geographical level, they are essential to gain a thorough understanding of the past and current COVID-19 epidemiology in the Netherlands. Future purposes of these datasets include country-level comparative analysis on the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 in different contexts, such as different cultural values or levels of socio-economic disparity, and studies on COVID-19 and weather factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Overview of the data sources, main content and data flow for the open data sets in the national Dutch COVID-19 epidemiological surveillance. Names in larger lighter shaded box refer to the entities generating data, names in smaller darker shaded box refer to the data system. Box colors indicate the custodians of the source data: light grey=MHS, blue=NICE foundation, green=Trusted Third Party, medium grey=laboratories, dark grey= RIVM, orange= Sewage Treatment Plants. The yellow box contains the output dataset.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Epidemic curves for four indicators of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease burden. Number of SARS-C0V-2 cases (upper left panel), hospital admissions (upper right panel), deaths (lower left panel) and sewage water viral load (lower right panel) from the start of the pandemic in the Netherlands (27 February 2020) until 22 August 2022.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Coverage of minimum 1 vaccine dose among adults per 18 November 2021 (the end of the primary series vaccination campaign) and hospitalisation incidence between 20 January and 2 December 2021 (2 weeks after the start and end of the primary series vaccination campaign). Data are grouped to maximize within-group homogeneity using Fisher-Jenks breaks.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
SARS-CoV-2 virus particle concentration in sewage based on the most recent STP measurement within the period 14th -22nd August 2022.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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Supplementary concepts