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Observational Study
. 2023 Jul 20;21(1):73.
doi: 10.1186/s12969-023-00846-3.

Meningococcal ACWY conjugate vaccine immunogenicity in adolescents with primary or secondary immune deficiencies, a prospective observational cohort study

Milou Ohm #  1 , Joeri W van Straalen #  2 , Gerrie de Joode-Smink  2 , Joris van Montfrans  2   3 , Marije Bartels  4 , Joanne G van Wildenbeest  3 , Caroline A Lindemans  2   5 , Roos Aw Wennink  6 , Joke H de Boer  6 , Elisabeth Am Sanders  1 , Frans M Verduyn-Lunel  7 , Guy Am Berbers  1 , Nico M Wulffraat  2 , Marc H A Jansen  8
Affiliations
Observational Study

Meningococcal ACWY conjugate vaccine immunogenicity in adolescents with primary or secondary immune deficiencies, a prospective observational cohort study

Milou Ohm et al. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. .

Abstract

Background: Immunization with meningococcal ACWY conjugate vaccine induces protective antibodies against invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by serogroups A, C, W and Y. We studied MenACWY-TT vaccine immunogenicity in adolescents with a heterogenous group of primary and secondary immune deficiency including patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, vasculitis, uveitis, 22Q11 syndrome, sickle cell disease, and patients who underwent stem cell transplantation for bone marrow failure.

Findings: We enrolled 69 individuals aged 14-18 years diagnosed with a primary or secondary immune deficiency in a prospective observational cohort study. All patients received a single dose of MenACWY-TT vaccine during the catch-up campaign 2018-19 because of the IMD-W outbreak in the Netherlands. Capsular polysaccharide-specific (PS) IgG concentrations against MenACWY were measured before and 3-6, 12, and 24 months after vaccination. Overall, geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of MenACWY-PS-specific IgG were lower in patients compared to data from healthy, aged-matched controls (n = 75) reaching significance at 12 months postvaccination for serogroup A and W (adjusted GMC ratios 0.26 [95% CI: 0.15-0.47] and 0.22 [95% CI: 0.10-0.49], respectively). No serious adverse events were reported by study participants.

Conclusions: The MenACWY conjugate vaccine was less immunogenic in adolescent patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiency compared to healthy controls, urging the need for further surveillance of these patients and supporting considerations for booster MenACWY conjugate vaccinations in these patient groups.

Keywords: Adolescents; Antibody responses; Autoimmune disease; Immunocompromised; Immunodeficiency; Inflammatory disease; MenACWY conjugate vaccination.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Geometric mean concentrations of meningococcal serogroup A, C, W and Y (MenACWY) polysaccharide (PS)-specific serum antibody concentrations of study participants and healthy controls during follow-up. Dots indicate geometric mean concentrations with 95% confidence interval
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Meningococcal serogroup A, C, W and Y polysaccharide (PS)-specific serum IgG concentrations in patients and healthy controls during follow-up. Dots indicate geometric mean concentrations with 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: AAID, autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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