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. 2023 Jul 19:21:95.
doi: 10.18332/tid/168365. eCollection 2023.

Oral-malodor measurement and intention to quit smoking in men: A before-after study

Naoko Yatabe  1 , Takashi Hanioka  1   2 , Nao Suzuki  1   3 , Atsushi Shimazu  1 , Marie Naito  1
Affiliations

Oral-malodor measurement and intention to quit smoking in men: A before-after study

Naoko Yatabe et al. Tob Induc Dis. .

Abstract

Introduction: Few studies have examined the effect of feedback based on oral-malodor measurements on the motivation to quit smoking. Therefore, this study examined whether oral-malodor measurements were associated with the intention to quit smoking.

Methods: This retrospective, uncontrolled before-after study invited smokers to a workplace health event in 2019 and 2020 to motivate them to quit smoking. They attended seminars on oral health and smoking cessation aids, and then underwent respiratory function and oral-malodor measurements using exhaled and oral cavity air, respectively. Intention to quit smoking was evaluated by answers to questions regarding the intention to quit in the next 1 or 6 months in questionnaires collected before and after the event. This study analyzed 241 men aged 20-54 years (mean: 33.2 ± 10.5) to examine factors associated with the intention to quit in multivariable logistic regression analyses for age, tobacco type (cigarettes and heated-tobacco products), and category of tobacco consumption.

Results: Before the event, 8.7%, 17.0%, and 74.3% of smokers had intended to quit in the next month, the next six months, or had no intention to quit, respectively. After the event, the respective percentages were 17.8%, 26.6%, and 55.6%. A higher methyl mercaptan concentration, a volatile sulfide component of oral malodor, was significantly associated with the intention to quit in the next month (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=4.24; 95% CI: 1.52-11.8, p=0.006). The participants with higher daily tobacco consumption were less likely to acquire the intention to quit in the next six months (AOR=0.37; 95% CI: 0.15-0.92, p=0.032). Other variables, such as lung age deficit, exhaled CO concentration, and hydrogen sulfide concentration (another component of oral malodor), were not significantly associated.

Conclusions: Oral-malodor measurement feedback may help motivate men to quit smoking in the next 1 month rather than in the next six months.

Keywords: heated tobacco products; motivation; oral malodor; respiratory function; smoking cessation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. The authors declare that they have no competing interests, financial or otherwise, related to the current work. All the authors report that since the initial planning of the work they received grants from Fukuoka Dental College. Also, T. Hanioka and N. Suzuki report that since the initial planning of the work they received JSPS KAKENHI grants, JP21K10223 and JP22K10330. Finally, N. Yatabe reports that since the initial planning of the work received JSPS KAKENHI grant JP21K10223.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Numbers of smokers according to level of the intention to quit smoking before and after participating in a worksite health event, along with two analytical models to identify factors associated with the intention to quit smoking in the next 1 (Model 1) and 6 months (Model 2). The numbers of participants in each model were calculated according to the trajectory of the intention to quit smoking: Squares and circles represent the numbers of smokers analyzed in Models 1 and 2, respectively. Closed and open symbols indicate cases and controls, respectively, in each model. This retrospective uncontrolled before–after study invited smokers to a workplace health event in 2019 and 2020 to motivate them to quit smoking
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