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. 2023 Jul 5;9(7):e18012.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18012. eCollection 2023 Jul.

Nano-crystallite bones of Oreochromis niloticus and Katsuwonus pelamis for the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye

Md Zia Uddin Al Mamun  1 , Md Sahadat Hossain  2 , Shyama Prosad Moulick  3 , Mohajira Begum  4 , Rahima Akter Sathee  1 , Md Sujan Hossen  1 , Farhana Jahan  4 , Md Mamunur Rashid  1 , Faridul Islam  4 , Riyadh Hossen Bhuiyan  5 , Md Sha Alam  6
Affiliations

Nano-crystallite bones of Oreochromis niloticus and Katsuwonus pelamis for the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye

Md Zia Uddin Al Mamun et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

The bones of two fish species, Oreochromis niloticus and Katsuwonus pelamis, were chosen in this research for evaluating their photocatalytic efficacy under solar radiation. The fish bones were isolated and conditioned before analyzing crystallographic parameters. The samples were characterized by using different instrumental techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (FESEM), and optical bandgap. From the XRD data, various types of crystallographic information such as crystallite size, microstrain, lattice parameters, dislocation density, degree of crystallinity, crystallinity index, Hydroxylapatite (HAp), the volume fraction of β-TCP, β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) percentage, and specific surface area were evaluated. Different model equations such as the Sahadat-Scherrer model, Linear Straight-line model, Monshi-Scherrer's method, and Williamson-Hall plot were employed to justify the nano-crystallite size. The photocatalytic efficacy of the two types of samples was explored by changing the catalyst concentration, dye concentration, interaction time, pH of the solution, etc. under solar irradiation.

Keywords: Fish bone; Photocatalyst; Waste utilization; X-ray diffraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
X-ray diffraction of (A) Surma and (B)Tilapia fish bone.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
FTIR spectra of (A) Tilapia and (B) Surma fish bone.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(A), (B) FESEM of Tilapia and (C) EDX of Tilapia, and (D), (E) FESEM of Surma and (F) EDX of Surma.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Optimization of time for 0.1 g catalyst, 40 mL dye solution of 20 ppm.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Optimization of catalyst dose for 120 min time, 40 mL dye solution of 20 ppm.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Optimization of dye concentration for 120 min time, 40 mL dye solution 0.1 g catalyst.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Effects of pH on the degradation properties.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
FTIR of dye and catalyst after dye treatment at various time intervals (A)Tilapia, (B) Surma, (C) pure dye, and (D) specific range of FTIR of Tilapia.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Optical bandgap energy of the (A) Tilapia and (B) Surma.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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