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. 2023 Jul 6:14:1197981.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197981. eCollection 2023.

Comparison of the gut microbiota and metabolites between Diannan small ear pigs and Diqing Tibetan pigs

Xuancheng Guan  1 , Junhong Zhu  1 , Lanlan Yi  1 , Haichao Sun  1 , Minghua Yang  1 , Ying Huang  1 , Hongbin Pan  1 , Hongjiang Wei  2 , Hongye Zhao  2 , Yanguang Zhao  3 , Sumei Zhao  1
Affiliations

Comparison of the gut microbiota and metabolites between Diannan small ear pigs and Diqing Tibetan pigs

Xuancheng Guan et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Objective: Host genetics and environment participate in the shaping of gut microbiota. Diannan small ear pigs and Diqing Tibetan pigs are excellent native pig breeds in China and live in different environments. However, the gut microbiota of Diannan small ear pigs and Diqing Tibetan pigs were still rarely understood. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the composition characteristics of gut microbiota and metabolites in Diannan small ear pigs and Diqing Tibetan pigs.

Methods: Fresh feces of 6 pigs were randomly collected from 20 4-month-old Diannan small ear pigs (DA group) and 20 4-month-old Diqing Tibetan pigs (TA group) for high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) non-targeted metabolome analysis.

Results: The results revealed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the two groups. Chao1 and ACE indices differed substantially between DA and TA groups. Compared with the DA group, the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae, and Ruminococcus was significantly enriched in the TA group, while the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Actinomyces, and Butyricicoccus was significantly reduced. Cholecalciferol, 5-dehydroepisterol, stigmasterol, adrenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid were significantly enriched in DA group, which was involved in the steroid biosynthesis and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. 3-phenylpropanoic acid, L-tyrosine, phedrine, rhizoctin B, and rhizoctin D were significantly enriched in TA group, which was involved in the phenylalanine metabolism and phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism.

Conclusion: We found that significant differences in gut microbiota composition and metabolite between Diannan small ear pigs and Diqing Tibetan pigs, which provide a theoretical basis for exploring the relationship between gut microbiota and pig breeds.

Keywords: 16S rRNA; Diannan small ear pigs; Diqing Tibetan pigs; LC-MS; gut microbiota; metabolites.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Geographical distribution of Diannan small ear pigs and Diqing Tibetan pigs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Venn diagram of OTU.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The histogram of relative abundance for intestinal microbiota in Diannan small ear pigs and Diqing Tibetan pigs (select the top 10 microbes at each level). (A) Phylum level. (B) Genus level.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The beta diversity results of different grouped samples-UPGMA clustering tree.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Analysis of LEfSe multi-level species difference discriminant.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The function annotation abundance map of KEGG level 3.
Figure 7
Figure 7
QC quality control. (A) Positive ion mode. (B) Negative ion mode.
Figure 8
Figure 8
PLS-DA chart. (A) Positive ion mode. (B) Negative ion mode.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The volcano map of differential metabolites. (A) Positive ion mode. (B) Negative ion mode.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Clustering diagram of differential metabolites. (A) Positive ion mode. (B) Negative ion mode.
Figure 11
Figure 11
KEGG enrichment map. (A) Positive ion mode. (B) Negative ion mode.
Figure 12
Figure 12
The correlation heat map of differential intestinal microbiota and metabolites. (A) Positive ion mode. (B) Negative ion mode.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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