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Meta-Analysis
. 2023 Nov;77(11):1014-1025.
doi: 10.1038/s41430-023-01311-w. Epub 2023 Jul 24.

Time-restricted eating with calorie restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jing-Chao Sun  1 , Zhen-Tao Tan  2 , Chao-Jie He  1 , Hui-Lin Hu  1 , Chang-Lin Zhai  1 , Gang Qian  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Time-restricted eating with calorie restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jing-Chao Sun et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2023 Nov.

Erratum in

Abstract

The effect of time-restricted eating (TRE) has been summarized in previous studies, but its benefits in combination with calorie restriction (CR) still need to be determined. The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TRE with CR on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and gray literature databases were searched from inception to October 18, 2022, for potential randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors were described as weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Eight RCTs involving 579 participants were enrolled in the present analysis. The pooled results showed that TRE with CR reduced the body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference significantly (WMD: -1.40, 95% CI: -1.81 to -1.00, and I2: 0%; WMD: -0.73, 95% CI: -1.39 to -0.07, and I2: 0%; WMD: -1.87, 95% CI: -3.47 to -0.26, and I2: 67.25%, respectively). However, compared with CR alone, TRE plus CR exhibited no significant benefit on the blood pressure, glucose profile, and lipid profile. Subgroup analysis suggested that early TRE is more effective in weight loss (WMD: -1.42, 95% CI: -1.84 to -1.01, and I2: 0%) and improving fat mass (WMD: -1.06, 95% CI: -1.91 to -0.22, and I2: 0%) than delayed or broader TRE when combined with CR. Although the combination of TRE and CR can effectively decrease body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference, the long-term effects, particularly those on cardiometabolic risk in participants with chronic cardiovascular disease and diabetes, remain to be explored.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Flow diagram.
Flow diagram showing search strategy and inclusion and exclusion of studies for meta-analysis.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Risk of bias assessment in the randomized parallel-arm studies.
A Summary of risk of bias. B Quality assessment percentages in the meta-analysis.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Risk of bias assessment in the randomized cross-over study.
A Summary of risk of bias. B Quality assessment percentages in the meta-analysis.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Effects of time-restricted eating with calorie restriction on body weight and body composition.
A Body weight. B Waist circumference. C Fat mass.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Effects of time-restricted eating with calorie restriction on blood pressure.
A Systolic blood pressure. B Diastolic blood pressure.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Effects of time-restricted eating with calorie restriction on glucose profile.
A Fasting glucose. B Insulin. C HOMA-IR. D HOMA-β.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. Effects of time-restricted eating with calorie restriction on lipid profile.
A Total cholesterol. B Triglyceride. C Low-density lipoprotein.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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