Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health among Patients with Chronic Ocular Conditions

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic had significant impacts on the mental and visual health of patients. This cross-sectional, survey-based, multicentric study evaluates the state of mental and visual health among patients with chronic ocular diseases such as glaucoma, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, or chronic uveitis during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health was assessed using three questionnaires: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25). A total of 145 patients completed the questionnaires. The PHQ-9 showed that most respondents (n = 89, 61%) had none or minimal depressive symptoms, while 31 (21%) had mild depressive symptoms, 19 (13%) had moderate depressive symptoms, 5 (3%) had moderately severe depressive symptoms, and 1 (1%) had severe depressive symptoms. Regarding stress surrounding the pandemic, the median IES-R showed mild distress in 16 (11%), moderate distress in 7 (5%), and severe distress in 4 (3%). The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns had a negative impact on patients' mental health with close to 20% of the patients reporting at least moderately depressive symptoms and 19% reporting at least mildly distressful symptoms.

Keywords: coronavirus 2019; mental health; ophthalmology.

Figure 1

Box-and-whiskers plots illustrating the results of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25) by severity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

Figure 2

Box-and-whiskers plots illustrating the results of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25) by severity of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R).