Kraft Lignin: A Valuable, Sustainable Resource, Opportunities and Challenges

Dimitris D S Argyropoulos¹, Claudia Crestini², Christian Dahlstrand³, Erik Furusjö^{4

5}, Claudio Gioia⁶, Kerstin Jedvert⁷, Gunnar Henriksson⁸, Christian Hulteberg⁹, Martin Lawoko⁸, Clara Pierrou¹⁰, Joseph S M Samec^{3

10

11

12}, Elena Subbotina¹³, Henrik Wallmo¹⁴, Martin Wimby¹⁴

Affiliations

¹ Departments of Chemistry and Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA.
² Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
³ Ren Fuel K2B AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden.
⁴ Division of Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lindholmspiren 7 A, SE-41756, Göteborg, Sweden.
⁵ Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Universitetsområdet Porsön, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
⁶ Department of physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Trento, Italy.
⁷ Division of Materials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lindholmspiren 7 A, SE-41756, Göteborg, Sweden.
⁸ Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁹ Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
¹⁰ RenFuel Materials AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden.
¹¹ Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arhenius väg 16 C, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹² Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.
¹³ Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
¹⁴ Valmet AB, Regnbågsgatan 6, 41755, Göteborg, Sweden.

PMID: 37493340
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300492

Review

Kraft Lignin: A Valuable, Sustainable Resource, Opportunities and Challenges

Dimitris D S Argyropoulos et al. ChemSusChem. 2023.

. 2023 Dec 7;16(23):e202300492.

doi: 10.1002/cssc.202300492. Epub 2023 Sep 7.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Departments of Chemistry and Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA.
² Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
³ Ren Fuel K2B AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden.
⁴ Division of Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lindholmspiren 7 A, SE-41756, Göteborg, Sweden.
⁵ Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Universitetsområdet Porsön, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
⁶ Department of physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Trento, Italy.
⁷ Division of Materials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lindholmspiren 7 A, SE-41756, Göteborg, Sweden.
⁸ Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁹ Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
¹⁰ RenFuel Materials AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden.
¹¹ Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arhenius väg 16 C, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹² Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.
¹³ Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
¹⁴ Valmet AB, Regnbågsgatan 6, 41755, Göteborg, Sweden.

PMID: 37493340
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300492

Abstract

Kraft lignin, a by-product from the production of pulp, is currently incinerated in the recovery boiler during the chemical recovery cycle, generating valuable bioenergy and recycling inorganic chemicals to the pulping process operation. Removing lignin from the black liquor or its gasification lowers the recovery boiler load enabling increased pulp production. During the past ten years, lignin separation technologies have emerged and the interest of the research community to valorize this underutilized resource has been invigorated. The aim of this Review is to give (1) a dedicated overview of the kraft process with a focus on the lignin, (2) an overview of applications that are being developed, and (3) a techno-economic and life cycle asseeements of value chains from black liquor to different products. Overall, it is anticipated that this effort will inspire further work for developing and using kraft lignin as a commodity raw material for new applications undeniably promoting pivotal global sustainability concerns.

Keywords: biofuels biomaterials; kraft lignin; lignin recovery; pulping.

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References

1. M. Ek, G. Gellerstedt, G. Henriksson, in Volume 2 Pulping Chemistry and Technology, De Gruyter, 2009.
1. Y. Zeng, S. Zhao, S. Yang, S.-Y. Ding, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2014, 27, 38-45.
1. D. Mboowa, Biomass Convers. Biorefinery 2021, DOI 10.1007/s13399-020-01243-6.
1. M. Ragnar, G. Henriksson, M. E. Lindström, M. Wimby, J. Blechschmidt, S. Heinemann, in Ullmanns Encycl. Ind. Chem., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014, pp. 1-92.
1. “Forest product statistics,” can be found under http://www.fao.org/forestry/statistics/en/, n.d.

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Kraft Lignin: A Valuable, Sustainable Resource, Opportunities and Challenges

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