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Review
. 2023 Jul 18:2023:6203193.
doi: 10.1155/2023/6203193. eCollection 2023.

A Comprehensive Review on HIV-Associated Dermatologic Manifestations: From Epidemiology to Clinical Management

Zeinab Mohseni Afshar  1 , Azadeh Goodarzi  2   3 , Seyed Naser Emadi  4   5 , Ronak Miladi  1 , Safoura Shakoei  6 , Alireza Janbakhsh  1 , Zeinab Aryanian  4   7 , Parvaneh Hatami  4
Affiliations
Review

A Comprehensive Review on HIV-Associated Dermatologic Manifestations: From Epidemiology to Clinical Management

Zeinab Mohseni Afshar et al. Int J Microbiol. .

Abstract

Dermatological disorders are among the most prevalent manifestations of HIV infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, we aimed to characterize the various dermatologic presentations among HIV-infected patients with a detailed categorization of the mucocutaneous signs and symptoms, their etiopathogenic factors, and clinical management. In fact, cutaneous manifestations of HIV are quite various, ranging from AIDS-specific skin eruptions (xerosis, pruritic papular eruptions, eosinophilic folliculitis, and acne), opportunistic infections (herpes simplex, molluscum contagiosum, cutaneous leishmaniasis, bacillary angiomatosis, disseminated histoplasmosis, disseminated cryptococcosis, and zoster) to AIDS-related malignancies (Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancers) and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-associated drug eruptions. We tried to classify HIV-related cutaneous presentations which can help clinicians for a better understanding of the various specific and nonspecific features of AIDS-associated cutaneous manifestations and management of the condition.

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Conflict of interest statement

All the authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Some dermatoses in HIV-infected patients. Histiocytosis (a), pemphigus vulgaris (b), Darier's disease (c), generalized morphea (d), and epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) (e). Photos were taken by Dr. Emadi.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Some dermatoses in HIV-infected patients. Severe chronic actinic dermatitis (a), severe eczema (b), epidermolysis bullosa (c), and hypertrophic lichen planus (d). Photos were taken by Dr. Emadi.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Some infectious disorders in HIV-positive patients: cutaneous larva migrans (a), crusted scabies (b), cryptococcal infection (c), dermatophytosis (d, e), bacillary angiomatosis (f), and scrofuloderma (g). Photos were taken by Dr. Emadi.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Some infectious disorders in HIV-positive patients: herpes simplex infection (a), giant molluscum contagiosum (b), plane wart (c), chicken pox (d), chancroid (e), the second phase of syphilis (f), and dermatophytosis (g). Photos were taken by Dr. Emadi.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Some malignancies in HIV-infected patients: mycosis fungoides (a) and Kaposi sarcoma (b–e). Photos were taken by Dr. Emadi.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Some drug eruptions in HIV-infected patients: fixed drug eruption (FDE) due to cotrimoxazole (a), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) due to nevirapine (b), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) due to cotrimoxazole (c), and TEN due to efavirenz (d). Photos were taken by Dr. Emadi.
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