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Review
. 2023 Jun 28;13(7):689.
doi: 10.3390/bios13070689.

Advancement in Paper-Based Electrochemical Biosensing and Emerging Diagnostic Methods

Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin  1   2 , Fábio de Lima  3 , Valter Aragão do Nascimento  3 , Geanne Matos de Andrade  1   2 , Reinaldo Barreto Oriá  4
Affiliations
Review

Advancement in Paper-Based Electrochemical Biosensing and Emerging Diagnostic Methods

Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

The utilization of electrochemical detection techniques in paper-based analytical devices (PADs) has revolutionized point-of-care (POC) testing, enabling the precise and discerning measurement of a diverse array of (bio)chemical analytes. The application of electrochemical sensing and paper as a suitable substrate for point-of-care testing platforms has led to the emergence of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). The inherent advantages of these modified paper-based analytical devices have gained significant recognition in the POC field. In response, electrochemical biosensors assembled from paper-based materials have shown great promise for enhancing sensitivity and improving their range of use. In addition, paper-based platforms have numerous advantageous characteristics, including the self-sufficient conveyance of liquids, reduced resistance, minimal fabrication cost, and environmental friendliness. This study seeks to provide a concise summary of the present state and uses of ePADs with insightful commentary on their practicality in the field. Future developments in ePADs biosensors include developing novel paper-based systems, improving system performance with a novel biocatalyst, and combining the biosensor system with other cutting-edge tools such as machine learning and 3D printing.

Keywords: clinical analysis; electrochemical sensors; environmental analysis; food analysis; paper-based devices.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic illustration of applications of the paper-based biosensors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
COVID-19 ePAD schematic diagram showing (A) device components, (B) detection principle, and (C) detection technique, Reproduced with permission from [75].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Detection of bisphenol A without reagents using a paper-based electrochemical sensor. Reproduced with permission from [105].
Figure 4
Figure 4
ePAD-based matrices employing Graphene nano dots and Zeolite for the detection of S. aureus in fruit samples, reproduced with permission from [109].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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