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Review
. 2023 Jul 20;9(7):765.
doi: 10.3390/jof9070765.

Safe Production Strategies for Soil-Covered Cultivation of Morel in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils

Xue Li  1   2 , Tianhong Fu  1   2 , Hongzhao Li  3   4 , Bangxi Zhang  2 , Wendi Li  1 , Baige Zhang  4 , Xiaomin Wang  2 , Jie Wang  5 , Qing Chen  6 , Xuehan He  7 , Hao Chen  8 , Qinyu Zhang  2 , Yujin Zhang  1 , Rende Yang  2 , Yutao Peng  8
Affiliations
Review

Safe Production Strategies for Soil-Covered Cultivation of Morel in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils

Xue Li et al. J Fungi (Basel). .

Abstract

Morel is a popular edible mushroom with considerable medicinal and economic value which has garnered global popularity. However, the increasing heavy metal (HM) pollution in the soil presents a significant challenge to morels cultivation. Given the susceptibility of morels to HM accumulation, the quality and output of morels are at risk, posing a serious food safety concern that hinders the development of the morel industry. Nonetheless, research on the mechanism of HM enrichment and mitigation strategies in morel remains scarce. The morel, being cultivated in soil, shows a positive correlation between HM content in its fruiting body and the HM content in the soil. Therefore, soil remediation emerges as the most practical and effective approach to tackle HM pollution. Compared to physical and chemical remediation, bioremediation is a low-cost and eco-friendly approach that poses minimal threats to soil composition and structure. HMs easily enriched during morels cultivation were examined, including Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb, and we assessed soil passivation technology, microbial remediation, strain screening and cultivation, and agronomic measures as potential approaches for HM pollution prevention. The current review underscores the importance of establishing a comprehensive system for preventing HM pollution in morels.

Keywords: heavy metals; mitigation strategies; morel; mushroom; soil remediation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sources of heavy metals in morel.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Bibliometric analysis of the theme. (a) Topic distribution. The map shows three clusters. Orange clusters represent harvest sustainability. Red and brown clusters involve artificial cultivation, growth characteristics, and gene diversity. Blue and green clusters represent the variety and perspective of morel. (b) Trend topic network diagram based on keywords used from January 2000 to December 2020. Indicators show the current publication from blue to green. Review of morel recently published. The size of the circle represents the frequency of keywords. The distance between the two circles indicates their correlation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) The sowing methods and (b) nutrition bag placement.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Enrichment mechanism of heavy metals by morel.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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