. 2023 Jul 29;24(1):482.

doi: 10.1186/s13063-023-07519-2.

Efficacy of beetroot juice on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (BEET-PKD): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Priyanka S Sagar^{1

2}, Alexandra Munt^{1

2}, Sayanthooran Saravanabavan^{1

2}, Farnoosh Asghar Vahedi^{1

2}, James Elhindi³, Beatrice Nguyen¹, Katrina Chau^{4

5}, David C Harris^{1

2}, Vincent Lee^{2

6}, Kamal Sud^{6

7}, Nikki Wong^{6

7}, Gopala K Rangan^{8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
² Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
³ Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
⁴ Department of Renal Medicine, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2148, Australia.
⁵ Blacktown Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, NSW, 2148, Australia.
⁶ Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
⁷ Department of Renal Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2750, Australia.
⁸ Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia. g.rangan@sydney.edu.au.
⁹ Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia. g.rangan@sydney.edu.au.

PMID: 37507763
PMCID: PMC10386227
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07519-2

Efficacy of beetroot juice on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (BEET-PKD): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Priyanka S Sagar et al. Trials. 2023.

. 2023 Jul 29;24(1):482.

doi: 10.1186/s13063-023-07519-2.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
² Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
³ Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
⁴ Department of Renal Medicine, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2148, Australia.
⁵ Blacktown Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, NSW, 2148, Australia.
⁶ Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
⁷ Department of Renal Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2750, Australia.
⁸ Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia. g.rangan@sydney.edu.au.
⁹ Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia. g.rangan@sydney.edu.au.

PMID: 37507763
PMCID: PMC10386227
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07519-2

Abstract

Background: In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) impaired nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, in part, contributes to early-onset hypertension. Beetroot juice (BRJ) reduces blood pressure (BP) by increasing NO-mediated vasodilation. The aim of this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study is to test the hypothesis that BRJ reduces systolic and diastolic clinic BP in hypertensive adults with ADPKD.

Methods: Participants with ADPKD and treated hypertension (n = 60) will be randomly allocated (1:1) to receive a daily dose of either nitrate-replete (400 mg nitrate/day) or nitrate-deplete BRJ for 4 weeks. The co-primary outcomes are change in mean systolic and diastolic clinic BP before and after 4 weeks of treatment with daily BRJ. Secondary outcomes are changes in daily home BP, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, serum and salivary nitrate/nitrite levels and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels before and after 4 weeks of BRJ.

Discussion: The effect of BRJ in ADPKD has not been previously tested. BRJ is an accessible, natural dietary supplement that, if effective, will provide a novel adjunctive approach for treating hypertension in ADPKD.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05401409. Retrospectively registered on 27th May 2022.

Keywords: Beetroot juice; Dietary interventions in hypertension; Polycystic kidney disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Schema of the BEET-PKD trial design. Abbreviation: BP, blood pressure

**Fig. 2**
SPIRIT figure for the BEET-PKD trial

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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1. Rangan GK, Alexander SI, Campbell KL, Dexter MA, Lee VW, Lopez-Vargas P, et al. KHA-CARI guideline recommendations for the diagnosis and management of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 2016;21(8):705–716. doi: 10.1111/nep.12658. - DOI - PubMed
1. Bergmann C, Guay-Woodford LM, Harris PC, Horie S, Peters DJM, Torres VE. Polycystic kidney disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4(1):50. doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0047-y. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Ratnam S, Nauli SM. Hypertension in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a clinical and basic science perspective. Int J Nephrol Urol. 2010;2(2):294–308. - PMC - PubMed
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Efficacy of beetroot juice on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (BEET-PKD): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Affiliations

Efficacy of beetroot juice on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (BEET-PKD): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Associated data

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical