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. 2023 Jun 30;10(7):1153.
doi: 10.3390/children10071153.

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Minimally Invasive Laparoscopic and Robotic Pediatric Surgery: Our Experiences and Literature Review

Marco Di Mitri  1 , Eduje Thomas  1 , Annalisa Di Carmine  1 , Ilaria Manghi  1 , Sara Maria Cravano  1 , Cristian Bisanti  1 , Edoardo Collautti  1 , Francesca Ruspi  1 , Chiara Cordola  1 , Marzia Vastano  1 , Simone D'Antonio  1 , Michele Libri  1 , Tommaso Gargano  1 , Mario Lima  1
Affiliations

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Minimally Invasive Laparoscopic and Robotic Pediatric Surgery: Our Experiences and Literature Review

Marco Di Mitri et al. Children (Basel). .

Abstract

Ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive imaging technique frequently used to examine internal organs and superficial tissues, and invaluable in pediatric patients. In a surgical setting, intraoperative ultrasound allows to highlight anatomical structures in detail during traditional open and minimally invasive surgery, thanks to the use of specific probes. In fact, laparoscopic and robotic ultrasonography requires the development of specialized transducers that fit through laparoscopic trocars. In adults, laparoscopic ultrasound is used during cholecystectomy before dissection of the triangle of Calot, to guide liver biopsies and ablation procedures and for the staging of patients with pancreas adenocarcinoma. However, the applications in the pediatric field are still limited. This paper aims to share our preliminary experience with ultra-sound in minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic pediatric surgery, describing two cases in which intra-operative ultrasound was applied, and to present a review of the literature on the state of the art of the actual uses in pediatric surgery.

Keywords: MIS; US; intra-operative ultrasound; laparoscopic surgery; pediatric surgery; robotic surgery; ultrasound.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Intraoperative findings of the retroperitoneal lymph node and laparoscopic ultrasound probe.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Intra-abdominal laparoscopic US of the retroperitoneal lymph node.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Intraoperative findings of the splenic cyst.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Intraoperative robotic ultrasonography of the spleen cyst before and after the marsupialization.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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