Correlations between Ratings and Technical Measurements in Hand-Intensive Work

Abstract

An accurate rating of hand activity and force is essential in risk assessment and for the effective prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. However, it is unclear whether the subjective ratings of workers and observers correlate to corresponding objective technical measures of exposure. Fifty-nine workers were video recorded while performing a hand-intensive work task at their workplace. Self-ratings of hand activity level (HAL) and force (Borg CR10) using the Hand Activity Threshold Limit Value^® were assessed. Four ergonomist observers, in two pairs, also rated the hand activity and force level for each worker from video recordings. Wrist angular velocity was measured using inertial movement units. Muscle activity in the forearm muscles flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) was measured with electromyography root mean square values (RMS) and normalized to maximal voluntary electrical activation (MVE). Kendall's tau-b correlations were statistically significant between self-rated hand activity and wrist angular velocity at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles (0.26, 0.31, and 0.23) and for the ratings of observers (0.32, 0.41, and 0.34). Significant correlations for force measures were found only for observer-ratings in five of eight measures (FCR 50th percentile 0.29, time > 10%MVE 0.43, time > 30%MVE 0.44, time < 5% -0.47) and ECR (time > 30%MVE 0.26). The higher magnitude of correlation for observer-ratings suggests that they may be preferred to the self-ratings of workers. When possible, objective technical measures of wrist angular velocity and muscle activity should be preferred to subjective ratings when assessing risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Keywords: electromyography; ergonomics; exposure; hand; hand intensity; humans; inertial measurement units; musculoskeletal disorders; occupational health; psychophysics; rating; risk; upper extremity; wrist.

Figure 1

(Left): EMG electrodes; (middle) and (right): the attached IMU on the hand and distal forearm, and EMG electrodes on ECR (the FCR location is not visible) before and after being secured with tape and wrap.

Figure 2

Hand activity self-ratings (A) and observer-ratings (B) for the 50th percentiles. The colors represent six occupational work task production groupings.

Figure 3

Hand force self-ratings (A) and observer-ratings (B) for the FCR 50th percentiles. The colors represent six occupational work task production groupings.

Figure 4

Hand force self-ratings (A) and observer-ratings (B) for the 50th percentiles of ECR EMG %MVE. The colors represent six occupational work task production groupings.