Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jul 24;13(7):1120.
doi: 10.3390/brainsci13071120.

Evolution of Cognitive Impairments in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Results from the Longitudinal French Centers of Expertise for Treatment-Resistant Depression (FACE-DR) Cohort

Alexis Vancappel  1   2   3 , Yecodji Dansou  1 , Ophelia Godin  1   4 , Emmanuel Haffen  1   5 , Antoine Yrondi  1   6 , Florian Stephan  1   7 , Raphaelle Marie Richieri  1   8 , Fanny Molière  1   9 , Jérôme Holtzmann  1   10 , Mathilde Horn  1 , Etienne Allauze  1 , Jean Baptiste Genty  1 , Alex Bouvard  1   11   12 , Jean-Michel Dorey  1 , Vincent Hennion  1   13 , Vincent Camus  1   2 , Guillaume Fond  1   14 , Barbara Peran  1   7 , Michel Walter  1   7 , Loic Anguill  1   6 , Charlotte Scotto D'apolina  1   6 , Estelle Vilà  1   11   12 , Benjamin Fredembach  1   10 , Jean Petrucci  1 , Romain Rey  1 , Anne Sophie Nguon  1   10 , Bruno Etain  1   13 , Mathilde Carminati  1   13 , Philippe Courtet  1   9 , Guillaume Vaiva  1   15 , Pierre Michel Llorca  1 , Marion Leboyer  1 , Bruno Aouizerate  1   11   12 , Djamila Bennabi  1   5 , Wissam El Hage  1   2
Affiliations

Evolution of Cognitive Impairments in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Results from the Longitudinal French Centers of Expertise for Treatment-Resistant Depression (FACE-DR) Cohort

Alexis Vancappel et al. Brain Sci. .

Abstract

Previous studies set out profound cognitive impairments in subjects with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, little is known about the course of such alterations depending on levels of improvement in those patients followed longitudinally. The main objective of this study was to describe the course of cognitive impairments in responder versus non-responder TRD patients at one-year follow-up. The second aim was to evaluate the predictive aspect of cognitive impairments to treatment resistance in patients suffering from TRD. We included 131 patients from a longitudinal cohort (FACE-DR) of the French Network of Expert TRD Centers. They undertook comprehensive sociodemographic, clinical, global functioning, and neuropsychological testing (TMT, Baddeley task, verbal fluencies, WAIS-4 subtests, D2 and RLRI-16) at baseline (V0) and one-year follow-up (V1). Most patients (n = 83; 63.36%) did not respond (47 women, 49.47 ± 12.64 years old), while one-third of patients responded (n = 48, 30 women, 54.06 ± 12.03 years old). We compared the cognitive performances of participants to average theoretical performances in the general population. In addition, we compared the cognitive performances of patients between V1 and V0 and responder versus non-responder patients at V1. We observed cognitive impairments during the episode and after a therapeutic response. Overall, each of them tended to show an increase in their cognitive scores. Improvement was more prominent in responders at V1 compared to their non-responder counterparts. They experienced a more marked improvement in code, digit span, arithmetic, similarities, and D2 tasks. Patients suffering from TRD have significant cognitive impairments that persist but alleviate after therapeutic response. Cognitive remediation should be proposed after therapeutic response to improve efficiency and increase the daily functioning.

Keywords: cognitive impairments; executive function; memory; neuropsychology; processing speed; treatment-resistant depression.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

    1. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association; Washington, DC, USA: 2013. [(accessed on 8 November 2018)]. Available online: https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. - DOI
    1. Sartorius N. The economic and social burden of depression. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2001;62((Suppl. 15)):8–11. - PubMed
    1. de Santé H.A. Affections Psychiatriques de Longue durée Troubles Dépressifs Récurrents ou Persistants de l’Adulte. 2009. [(accessed on 10 April 2017)]. Available online: http://www.has-sante.fr/portail/upload/docs/application/pdf/2009-04/gm_a....
    1. Inserm Dépression. Inserm—La Science Pour la Santé. 2021. [(accessed on 15 February 2021)]. Available online: https://www.inserm.fr/information-en-sante/dossiers-information/depression.
    1. Morvan Y., Prieto A., Briffault X., Blanchet A., Dardennes R., Rouillon F., Lamboy B. La dépression en France: Prévalence, facteurs associés et consommation de soins. [(accessed on 15 July 2023)];Baromètre Santé. 2007 :459–485. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/50298912_La_depression_en_Franc....