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. 2023 Jul 14;11(14):2022.
doi: 10.3390/healthcare11142022.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and Child Sleep Problems in ADHD, Anxiety and Depression

Almudena Cano-Crespo  1 , Inmaculada Moreno-García  1 , Mateu Servera  2 , Manuel Morales-Ortiz  3
Affiliations

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and Child Sleep Problems in ADHD, Anxiety and Depression

Almudena Cano-Crespo et al. Healthcare (Basel). .

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to analyse the relationship and differential contribution of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and sleep problems in children in different psychopathological measures. A total of 1133 participants (612 fathers/mothers and 521 children aged 7-13 years in Years 3-6 of Primary Education) completed the scales on CDS, sleep problems, depression (DEP), anxiety (ANX) and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Similar and significant correlations were identified in the measures of CDS and sleep problems between fathers and mothers, obtaining a high coefficient between the two parents. However, weak correlations were found between fathers/mothers and children. The scores of CDS and the sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) significantly predicted the internalising measures and ADHD, especially between SDSC and DEP. It was confirmed that sleep problems had a greater presence in the group of children with the highest ADHD scores, and especially in CDS and ADHD jointly. To conclude, the data indicate the importance of sleep problems in understanding CDS and its relationship with other psychopathological measures, especially ADHD, although to a greater extent with internalising symptoms, especially DEP.

Keywords: ADHD; CDS; children; sleep.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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