Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jul 20;11(14):2072.
doi: 10.3390/healthcare11142072.

Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Negative COVID-19 Outcomes and Their Relation to Socioeconomic Indicators in Brazil

Helena Fiats Ribeiro  1 , Maria Dalva de Barros Carvalho  1 , Fernando Castilho Pelloso  2 , Lander Dos Santos  1 , Marcela de Andrade Pereira Silva  1 , Kely Paviani Stevanato  1 , Deise Helena Pelloso Borghesan  3 , Isaac Romani  3 , Vlaudimir Dias Marques  1 , Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas  3 , Ana Carolina Jacinto Alarcão  1 , Constanza Pujals  1 , Raíssa Bocchi Pedroso  1 , Alexandrina Aparecida Maciel Cardelli  4 , Sandra Marisa Pelloso  1
Affiliations

Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Negative COVID-19 Outcomes and Their Relation to Socioeconomic Indicators in Brazil

Helena Fiats Ribeiro et al. Healthcare (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to analyze maternal risk factors associated with negative outcomes of COVID-19 and association with socioeconomic indicators in Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional study, with data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Flu) of pregnant women with COVID-19 and cases of hospitalization and death. For the analysis of risk factors and outcomes, the multiple logistic regression method was used.

Results: Pregnant women who had some risk factor represented 47.04%. The chance of death was 2.48 times greater when there was a risk factor, 1.55 for ICU admission and 1.43 for use of ventilatory support. The percentage of cure was 79.64%, 15.46% without any negative outcome, 4.65% death and 0.26% death from other causes. Pregnant women who did not take the vaccine represented 30.08%, 16.74% took it and 53.18% were not specified. The variables HDI, illiteracy, per capita income and urbanization did not influence the cases of COVID-19.

Conclusions: Factors such as age, obesity, asthma and pregnancy were responsible for the increase in hospitalizations, respiratory complications and death. Vaccination reduced the risk of negative outcomes by 50%. There were no correlations between socioeconomic indicators and the negative outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnant women.

Keywords: coronavirus infections; inequality; pregnant women.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of treatments performed in the same city where the pregnant women reside. Brazil, 2022.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of doctors, nurses and beds per 100,000 inhabitants in each Brazilian state. Brazil, 2022.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Wiersinga W.J., Rhodes A., Cheng A.C., Peacock S.J., Prescott H.C. Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review. JAMA. 2020;324:782–793. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.12839. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lokken E.M., Walker C.L., Delaney S., Kachikis A., Kretzer N.M., Erickson A., Resnick R., Vanderhoeven J., Hwang J.K., Barnhart N., et al. Clinical characteristics of 46 pregnant women with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Washington State. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2020;223:911.e1–911.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.031. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lokken E.M., Huebner E.M., Taylor G.G., Hendrickson S., Vanderhoeven J., Kachikis A., Coler B., Walker C.L., Sheng J.S., Al-Haddad B.J., et al. Disease Severity, Pregnancy Outcomes and Maternal Deaths among Pregnant Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Washington State. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2021;225:77.e1–77.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.12.1221. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Allotey J., Fernandez S., Bonet M., Stallings E., Yap M., Kew T., Zhou D., Coomar D., Sheikh J., Lawson H., et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: Living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:3320. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3320. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Panagiotakopoulos L. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Hospitalized Pregnant Women: Reasons for Admission and Pregnancy Characteristics—Eight U.S. Health Care Centers, March 1–May 30, 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2020;69:1355–1359. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6938e2. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources