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. 2023 Jul 12;12(14):4649.
doi: 10.3390/jcm12144649.

Prognostic Factors Associated with Acute Heart Failure in Patients Admitted for COVID-19: Analysis of the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Manuel Méndez Bailón  1 , Noel Lorenzo Villalba  1 , Jorge Garcia Onrubia  1 , Manuel Rubio Rivas  2 , Maria Victoria Nuñez Rodriguez  3 , María de Los Reyes Pascual Pérez  4 , Carmen Díaz Pedroche  5 , Eva María Fonseca Aizpuru  6 , Maria Victoria Villalba Garcia  7 , Gema Maria Garcia Garcia  8 , Paula María Pesqueira Fontán  9 , Arturo Artero  10 , Esther Montero Hernandez  11 , José Nicolás Alcalá Pedrajas  12 , Vicente Giner Galvan  13 , Daniel Monge Monge  14 , Laura Letona Giménez  15 , Miriam García Gómez  16 , Carmen Martínez Cilleros  17 , Nuria Puente Ruiz  18 , Joaquin Escobar Sevilla  19 , Raquel Gómez Méndez  20 , José Manuel Ramos-Rincón  21   22 , Ricardo Gomez Huelgas  23 , On Behalf Of The Semi-Covid-Network
Affiliations

Prognostic Factors Associated with Acute Heart Failure in Patients Admitted for COVID-19: Analysis of the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Manuel Méndez Bailón et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Introduction: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, an intimate relationship between this disease and cardiovascular diseases has been seen. However, few studies assess the development of heart failure during this infection. This study aims to determine the predisposing factors for the development of heart failure (HF) during hospital admission of COVID-19 patients.

Methodology: A retrospective and multicenter study of patients with HF admitted for COVID-19 in 150 Spanish hospitals (SEMI-COVID-19 Registry). A bivariate analysis was performed to relate the different variables evaluated in patients developing heart failure during hospital admission. A multivariate analysis including the most relevant clinical variables obtained in bivariate analyses to predict the outcome of heart failure was performed.

Results: A total of 16.474 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were included (57.5% men, mean age 67 years), 958 of them (5.8%) developed HF during hospitalization. The risk factors for HF development were: age (odds ratio [OR]): 1.042; confidence interval 95% (CI 95%): 1.035-1.050; p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (OR: 2.022; CI 95%: 1.697-2.410; p < 0.001), BMI > 30 kg/m2 (OR: 1.460 CI 95%: 1.230-1.733; p < 0001), and peripheral vascular disease (OR: 1.564; CI 95%: 1.217-2.201; p < 0.001). Patients who developed HF had a higher rate of mortality (54.1% vs. 19.1%, p < 0.001), intubation rate (OR: 2,36; p < 0.001), and ICU admissions (OR: 2.38; p < 0001).

Conclusions: Patients who presented a higher risk of developing HF were older with cardiovascular risk factors. The risk factors for HF development were age, atrial fibrillation, obesity, and peripheral vascular disease. In addition, patients who developed HF more frequently required to be intubated or admitted to the ICU.

Keywords: COVID-19; heart failure; prognostic factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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