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Review
. 2023 Jul 14;12(14):4674.
doi: 10.3390/jcm12144674.

Exploring the Relationship between Anti-VEGF Therapy and Glaucoma: Implications for Management Strategies

Qëndresë Daka  1   2   3 , Nina Špegel  3 , Makedonka Atanasovska Velkovska  3 , Tjaša Steblovnik  3 , Miriam Kolko  4   5 , Burim Neziri  1 , Barbara Cvenkel  3   6
Affiliations
Review

Exploring the Relationship between Anti-VEGF Therapy and Glaucoma: Implications for Management Strategies

Qëndresë Daka et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

A short-term increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) is a common side effect after intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy, but a sustained increase in IOP with the development of secondary glaucoma has also been reported in some studies after repeated intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. The aim of this review is to present and discuss the possible pathophysiological mechanisms and factors contributing to a sustained rise in IOP, as well as treatment strategies for patients at risk. Close monitoring and adjustable IOP-lowering treatment are recommended for high-risk patients, including those with glaucoma, angle-closure anomalies, ocular hypertension or family history of glaucoma; patients receiving a high number of injections or at shorter intervals; and patients with capsulotomy. Strategies are needed to identify patients at risk in a timely manner and to prevent sustained elevation of IOP.

Keywords: anti-VEGF; elevated intraocular pressure; glaucoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

M.K. is a consultant and speaker for Abbvie, Santen and Thea. M.K. receives research support from Thea. B.C. is a consultant and speaker for Thea. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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