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. 2023 Jul 20;24(14):11719.
doi: 10.3390/ijms241411719.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review

Rodrigo Montoto-Meijide  1 , Rosa Meijide-Faílde  2   3 , Silvia María Díaz-Prado  2   3 , Antonio Montoto-Marqués  3   4
Affiliations

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review

Rodrigo Montoto-Meijide et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Recovery from a traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is challenging due to the limited regenerative capacity of the central nervous system to restore cells, myelin, and neural connections. Cell therapy, particularly with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), holds significant promise for TSCI treatment. This systematic review aims to analyze the efficacy, safety, and therapeutic potential of MSC-based cell therapies in TSCI. A comprehensive search of PUBMED and COCHRANE databases until February 2023 was conducted, combining terms such as "spinal cord injury," "stem cells," "stem cell therapy," "mesenchymal stem cells," and "traumatic spinal cord injury". Among the 53 studies initially identified, 22 (21 clinical trials and 1 case series) were included. Findings from these studies consistently demonstrate improvements in AIS (ASIA Impairment Scale) grades, sensory scores, and, to a lesser extent, motor scores. Meta-analyses further support these positive outcomes. MSC-based therapies have shown short- and medium-term safety, as indicated by the absence of significant adverse events within the studied timeframe. However, caution is required when drawing generalized recommendations due to the limited scientific evidence available. Further research is needed to elucidate the long-term safety and clinical implications of these advancements. Although significant progress has been made, particularly with MSC-based therapies, additional studies exploring other potential future therapies such as gene therapies, neurostimulation techniques, and tissue engineering approaches are essential for a comprehensive understanding of the evolving TSCI treatment landscape.

Keywords: cell therapy; mesenchymal stem cells; traumatic spinal cord injury.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord injury (modified from Ahuja et al.) [16].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Flow chart representing the selection process followed to include studies in the review (modified from Page MJ et al.) [96].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Types of stem cells according to their origin and potency, modified from Mata-Miranda et al. [46]. The figure was partly created using Servier Medical Art, provided by Servier and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported licence.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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