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. 2023 Jul 19;16(14):5090.
doi: 10.3390/ma16145090.

Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan-Modified Cotton Fabric Treated with Aldehydes and Zinc Oxide Particles

Desislava Staneva  1 , Daniela Atanasova  1 , Daniela Angelova  1 , Petar Grozdanov  2 , Ivanka Nikolova  2 , Ivo Grabchev  3
Affiliations

Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan-Modified Cotton Fabric Treated with Aldehydes and Zinc Oxide Particles

Desislava Staneva et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Chitosan is a natural biopolymer with a proven ability to impart textile materials with antimicrobial properties when loaded onto them. The mechanism of its bacteriological activity depends on the contact between the positive and negative charges of the amino groups located on the surface of the microbes. Unfortunately, the type of microorganisms and pH influence this action-shortcomings that can be avoided by chitosan modification and by loading its film with substances possessing antimicrobial properties. In this study, chitosan was modified with benzaldehyde and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to form a film on the surface of cotton fabric (CB). Also, another material was obtained by including zinc oxide particles (CBZ) synthesized in situ into the chitosan coating. The performed analyses (contact angle measurement, optical and scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, XRD, and thermal analysis) evidenced the modification of the cotton fabric and the alteration of the film properties after zinc oxide inclusion. A comparison of the antimicrobial properties of the new CB with materials prepared with chitosan without benzaldehyde from our previous study verified the influence of the hydrophobicity and surface roughness of the fabric surface on the enhancement of antimicrobial activity. The microbial growth inhibition increased in the following order: fungal strain Candida lipolytica >Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus >Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The samples containing zinc oxide particles completely inhibited the growth of all three model strains. The virucidal activity of the CB was higher against human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-5) than against human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV-S2) after 60 min of exposure. The CBZ displayed higher virucidal activity with a Δlog of 0.9 against both viruses.

Keywords: aldehydes; antimicrobial; chitosan; composite; cotton fabric; zinc oxide.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
FTIR spectra of the initial cotton fabric (CO) and the CB and CBZ.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Untreated cotton fabric (CO) and the CB and CBZ samples: (A) TGA and (B) DTG.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison between the TG and DTA curves: (A) cotton fabric; (B) CB; (C) CBZ.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Optical microscope photographs of the cotton fabric (CO) and the (CB) and (CBZ) at a 40× magnification.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Optical microscope photographs of the cotton fabric (CO) and the (CB) and (CBZ). (The pictures were taken at 100× magnification using lighting from below).
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM images of the samples: at 1000× magnification: (A) CO; (B) CB; (C) CBZ; at 5000× magnification: (D) CO1; (E) CB1; (F) CBZ1.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SEM images at 30,000× magnification of (A) CB and (B) CBZ.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum of the CBZ.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Contact angle measurement: (CBw) water on CB; (CBd) diiodomethane on CB; (CBZw) water on CBZ; (CBZd) diiodomethane on CBZd.
Figure 10
Figure 10
X-ray diffraction spectra of the CB and CBZ.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Growth of the test microbial strains in MPB liquid medium in the presence of untreated cotton fabric (control) and the CB and CBZ composites, compared to the Ch and ChZ samples obtained in a previous study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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