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. 2023 Jul 24;16(14):5189.
doi: 10.3390/ma16145189.

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Hyaluronic Acid/Chitosan/Bacterial Cellulose-Based Membrane

Duangkamol Dechojarassri  1   2 , Tomoki Okada  1 , Hiroshi Tamura  1   2 , Tetsuya Furuike  1   2
Affiliations

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Hyaluronic Acid/Chitosan/Bacterial Cellulose-Based Membrane

Duangkamol Dechojarassri et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Novel wound dressing materials are required to non-cytotoxic with a viable cell ratio of above 92%. Herein, the cytotoxicity of hyaluronic acid/chitosan/bacterial cellulose-based (BC(CS/HA)) membranes are evaluated and compared to that of alginate/chitosan/bacterial cellulose-based (BC(CS/Alg)) membranes was investigated. Multilayer membranes with up to ten CS/HA or CS/Alg layers were prepared using the layer-by-layer (LBL) method. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the diameters of the fibers in the BC(CS/Alg) and BC(CS/HA) membranes were larger than those in a BC membrane. The cytotoxicity was analyzed using BALB-3T3 clone A31 cells (mouse fibroblasts, 1 × 104 cells/well). The BC(CS/HA)5 and BC(CS/HA)10 membranes exhibited high biocompatibility, with the cell viabilities of 94% and 87% at 5 d, respectively, compared to just 82% for the BC(CS/Alg)5 and BC(CS/Alg)10 membranes with same numbers of layers. These results suggested that BC(CS/HA)5 is a promising material for wound dressings.

Keywords: alginate; layer by layer; wound dressing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Preparation of the BC/CS membrane.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Preparation of the laminated membranes using the LBL method.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of (a) BC, (b) CS, (c) Alg, and (d) HA. Schematic illustrations of the (e) BC(CS/Alg) and (f) BC(CS/HA) membranes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
FT-IR spectra of (a) BC, CS powder, Alg powder, BC(CS/Alg)5, and BC(CS/Alg)10 membranes; (b) BC, CS powder, HA, BC(CS/HA)5, and BC(CS/HA)10 membranes.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) TGA curves and (b) differential thermogravimetric curves of BC, BC(CS/Alg)5, BC(CS/Alg)10, BC(CS/HA)5, and BC(CS/HA)10 membranes.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The physical appearance of the membrane surface of BC, BC(CS/Alg)5, BC(CS/Alg)10, BC(CS/HA)5, and BC(CS/HA)10 membranes.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a–e) SEM images of the membrane surface and (a’–e’) fiber diameter distribution of (a,a’) BC, (b,b’) BC(CS/Alg)5, (c,c’) BC(CS/Alg)10, (d,d’) BC(CS/HA)5, and (e,e’) BC(CS/HA)10 membranes.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Stress–Strain curves, (b) tensile strength, and (c) elongation at break of BC, BC(CS/Alg)5, BC(CS/Alg)10, BC(CS/HA)5, and BC(CS/HA)10 membranes.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Representative fluorescence micrographs of live strained blank, BC, BC(CS/Alg)5, BC(CS/Alg)10, BC(CS/HA)5, and BC(CS/HA)10 membranes at 1, 3, and 5 d.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Cell viability percentage of blank, BC, BC(CS/Alg)5, BC(CS/Alg)10, BC(CS/HA)5, and BC(CS/HA)10 membranes at 1, 3, and 5 d.
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