Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jul 16;11(7):1821.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11071821.

Characterization of Growth-Promoting Activities of Consortia of Chlorpyrifos Mineralizing Endophytic Bacteria Naturally Harboring in Rice Plants-A Potential Bio-Stimulant to Develop a Safe and Sustainable Agriculture

Md Yeasin Prodhan  1 , Md Bokhtiar Rahman  1 , Aminur Rahman  2 , Md Ahedul Akbor  3 , Sibdas Ghosh  4 , Mst Nur-E-Nazmun Nahar  1 , Simo  1 , Md Shamsuzzoha  5 , Kye Man Cho  6 , Md Azizul Haque  1
Affiliations

Characterization of Growth-Promoting Activities of Consortia of Chlorpyrifos Mineralizing Endophytic Bacteria Naturally Harboring in Rice Plants-A Potential Bio-Stimulant to Develop a Safe and Sustainable Agriculture

Md Yeasin Prodhan et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Eighteen pesticide-degrading endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots, stems, and leaves of healthy rice plants and identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Furthermore, biochemical properties, including enzyme production, dye degradation, anti-bacterial activities, plant-growth-promoting traits, including N-fixation, P-solubilization, auxin production, and ACC-deaminase activities of these naturally occurring endophytic bacteria along with their four consortia, were characterized. Enterobacter cloacae HSTU-ABk39 and Enterobacter sp. HSTU-ABk36 displayed inhibition zones of 41.5 ± 1.5 mm, and 29 ± 09 mm against multidrug-resistant human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. FT-IR analysis revealed that all eighteen isolates were able to degrade chlorpyrifos pesticide. Our study confirms that pesticide-degrading endophytic bacteria from rice plants play a key role in enhancing plant growth. Notably, rice plants grown in pots containing reduced urea (30%) mixed with either endophytic bacterial consortium-1, consortium-2, consortium-3, or consortia-4 demonstrated an increase of 17.3%, 38.6%, 18.2%, and 39.1% yields, respectively, compared to the control plants grown in pots containing 100% fertilizer. GC-MS/MS analysis confirmed that consortia treatment caused the degradation of chlorpyrifos into different non-toxic metabolites, including 2-Hydroxy-3,5,6 trichloropyridine, Diethyl methane phosphonate, Phorate sulfoxide, and Carbonochloridic. Thus, these isolates could be deployed as bio-stimulants to improve crop production by creating a sustainable biological system.

Keywords: GC–MS/MS analysis; MDR bacterial inhibition; growth promotion; pesticide-degrading endophyte; rice plant; synthetic consortia; yields enhancement.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Growth performance of endophytic strains in minimal nutrient media (MSM) with chlorpyrifos (1 g/100 mL) as the carbon source.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Diversity of chlorpyrifos-resistant endophytic bacteria isolated from two different rice fields. The fields were exposed to massive pesticides for rice cultivation over the last 10 years. (A) Phylogeny of root endophytic bacteria. (B) Diversity of chlorpyrifos-resistant endophytic bacteria isolated from two different rice fields. The fields were exposed to massive pesticides for rice cultivation over the last 10 years. (B) Phylogeny of shoot endophytic bacteria. (C) Diversity of chlorpyrifos-resistant endophytic bacteria isolated from two different rice fields. The fields were exposed to massive pesticides for rice cultivation over the last 10 years. (C) Phylogeny of leaf endophytic bacteria. Black color strains are reference bacteria whether different colors are isolated strains in this study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Diversity of chlorpyrifos-resistant endophytic bacteria isolated from two different rice fields. The fields were exposed to massive pesticides for rice cultivation over the last 10 years. (A) Phylogeny of root endophytic bacteria. (B) Diversity of chlorpyrifos-resistant endophytic bacteria isolated from two different rice fields. The fields were exposed to massive pesticides for rice cultivation over the last 10 years. (B) Phylogeny of shoot endophytic bacteria. (C) Diversity of chlorpyrifos-resistant endophytic bacteria isolated from two different rice fields. The fields were exposed to massive pesticides for rice cultivation over the last 10 years. (C) Phylogeny of leaf endophytic bacteria. Black color strains are reference bacteria whether different colors are isolated strains in this study.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FT-IR spectra of chlorpyrifos degrading evidence of the endophytic strains in the MSM with chlorpyrifos (1 g/100 mL). The strains were grown for 14 days.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Plant-growth-promoting traits of the strains. Nitrogen fixation abilities of the endophytic strains on the nitrogen-free Jensen’s media. The diameter of the holo zone indicates the spectrum of anti-microbial activities.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Plant-growth-promoting traits of the strains. Auxin (Indole acetic acid) and ACC-deaminase activities of the endophytic strains.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(A) Comparing chlorophyll content among the treated and untreated groups. (Fer, Fertilizer; Com, Compost; Bac, Bacteria; G, Bacterial consortium group). (B) Shoot length analysis among the endophytic bacteria in the treated and untreated groups in a time-dependent manner. (Con, Control; Fer, Fertilizer; Com, Compost; Bac, Bacteria; G, Bacterial consortium group). (C) Root length analysis of the endophytic bacteria. (D) Rice plant growth promotion with bacterial consortia at vegetative stage. (E) Mean of dry weights among different bacteria in the treated and untreated groups. (Con, Control; Fer, Fertilizer; Com, Compost; Bac, Bacteria; G, Bacterial consortium group). (F) Mean yield among different bacteria in the treated and untreated groups. (Con, Control; Fer, Fertilizer; Com, Compost; Bac, Bacteria; G, Bacterial consortium group).
Figure 6
Figure 6
(A) Comparing chlorophyll content among the treated and untreated groups. (Fer, Fertilizer; Com, Compost; Bac, Bacteria; G, Bacterial consortium group). (B) Shoot length analysis among the endophytic bacteria in the treated and untreated groups in a time-dependent manner. (Con, Control; Fer, Fertilizer; Com, Compost; Bac, Bacteria; G, Bacterial consortium group). (C) Root length analysis of the endophytic bacteria. (D) Rice plant growth promotion with bacterial consortia at vegetative stage. (E) Mean of dry weights among different bacteria in the treated and untreated groups. (Con, Control; Fer, Fertilizer; Com, Compost; Bac, Bacteria; G, Bacterial consortium group). (F) Mean yield among different bacteria in the treated and untreated groups. (Con, Control; Fer, Fertilizer; Com, Compost; Bac, Bacteria; G, Bacterial consortium group).
Figure 6
Figure 6
(A) Comparing chlorophyll content among the treated and untreated groups. (Fer, Fertilizer; Com, Compost; Bac, Bacteria; G, Bacterial consortium group). (B) Shoot length analysis among the endophytic bacteria in the treated and untreated groups in a time-dependent manner. (Con, Control; Fer, Fertilizer; Com, Compost; Bac, Bacteria; G, Bacterial consortium group). (C) Root length analysis of the endophytic bacteria. (D) Rice plant growth promotion with bacterial consortia at vegetative stage. (E) Mean of dry weights among different bacteria in the treated and untreated groups. (Con, Control; Fer, Fertilizer; Com, Compost; Bac, Bacteria; G, Bacterial consortium group). (F) Mean yield among different bacteria in the treated and untreated groups. (Con, Control; Fer, Fertilizer; Com, Compost; Bac, Bacteria; G, Bacterial consortium group).
Figure 7
Figure 7
GC–MS spectra of chlorpyrifos treated with consortia-1, consortia-2, consortia-3, consortia-4.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Chowdhury A.Z., Jahan S.A., Islam M.N., Moniruzzaman M., Alam M.K., Zaman M.A., Karim N., Gan S.H. Occurrence of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues in surface water samples from the Rangpur district of Bangladesh. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2012;89:202–207. doi: 10.1007/s00128-012-0641-8. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Silambarasan S., Abraham J. Ecofriendly method for bioremediation of chlorpyrifos from agricultural soil by novel fungus Aspergillus terreus JAS1. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2013;224:1369. doi: 10.1007/s11270-012-1369-0. - DOI
    1. Zhao L., Xu Y., Lai X.H., Shan C., Deng Z., Ji Y. Screening and characterization of endophytic Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from medicinal plant Lonicera japonica for use as potential plant growth promoters. Brazil. J. Microbiol. 2015;46:977–989. doi: 10.1590/S1517-838246420140024. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bhattacharjee R.B., Singh A., Mukhopadhyay S. Use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria as biofertiliser for non-legumes: Prospects and challenges. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008;80:199–209. doi: 10.1007/s00253-008-1567-2. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Santoyo G., Moreno-Hagelsieb G., del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda M., Glick B.R. Plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes. Microbiol. Res. 2016;183:92–99. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.11.008. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources