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. 2023 Jul 13;28(14):5378.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28145378.

Phytochemical, Morphological and Genetic Characterisation of Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball.) Maire and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) Link

Fatima Zahra Jawhari  1 , Hamada Imtara  2 , Nabil Radouane  3 , Abdelfattah El Moussaoui  1 , Imane Es-Safi  1 , Amal Amaghnouje  1 , Mashail N AlZain  4 , Omer Noman  5 , Mohammad Khalid Parvez  6 , Dalila Bousta  1 , Amina Bari  1
Affiliations

Phytochemical, Morphological and Genetic Characterisation of Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball.) Maire and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) Link

Fatima Zahra Jawhari et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The present study is based on a multidisciplinary approach carried out for the first time on Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus, two varieties from the endemic and endangered medicinal species listed in the IUCN red list, Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link. Therefore, morphological, phytochemical, and genetic characterisations were carried out in the present work. Morphological characterisation was established based on 23 qualitative and quantitative characters describing the vegetative and floral parts. The phytochemical compounds were determined by UHPLC. Genetic characterisation of extracted DNA was subjected to PCR using two sets of universal primers, rbcL a-f/rbcL a-R and rpocL1-2/rpocL1-4, followed by sequencing analysis using the Sanger method. The results revealed a significant difference between the two varieties studied. Furthermore, phytochemical analysis of the studied extracts revealed a quantitative and qualitative variation in the chemical profile, as well as the presence of interesting compounds, including new compounds that have never been reported in A. pyrethrum. The phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences indicated a similarity percentage of 91%. Based on the morphological characterisation and congruence with the phytochemical characterisation and molecular data, we can confirm that A. pyrethrum var. pyrethrum and A. pyrethrum var. depressus represent two different taxa.

Keywords: Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball.) Maire; Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) Link; genetic characterisation; morphological characterisation; physicochemical characterisation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Projection of the qualitative characteristics of the two varieties studied on the plane formed by the two axes of the CFA. APP: A.P var. pyrethrum; APD: A.P var. depressus; CRBFP: dark brown root colour of A.P var. pyrethrum; CGSP: dark seed colour of A.P var. pyrethrum; CDPRP: red petal back colour of A.P var. pyrethrum; BFPP: evergreen leaf base of A.P var. pyrethrum; GAMP: thin wings of A.P var. pyrethrum; CFG: glaucous leaves; CRFJ: yellow floral ray; CDPVD: violet petal back colour of A.P var. depressus; CGCD: clear seed colour of A.P var. depressus; BFNPD: not evergreen base of A.P var. depressus; GAED: thick wings of A.P var. depressus; CRBCD: light brown root colour of A.P var. depressus.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Projection of the quantitative characteristics of the two varieties studied on the first two principal axes of the PCA. LORP: Root length of A.P var. pyrethrum; LARP: Root Width of A.P var. pyrethrum; FNRP: Number of branches/individual of A.P var. pyrethrum; NCP: Number of capitula/individual of A.P var. pyrethrum; LOCP: capitula length of A.P var. pyrethrum; LACP: capitula Width of A.P var. pyrethrum; NFLP: Ligulate flowers Number/capitula of A.P var. pyrethrum; LAFLP: Ligulate flowers Width of A.P var. pyrethrum; LOFLP: Ligulate flowers length of A.P var. pyrethrum; NFTP: Tubular flowers Number/capitula of A.P var. pyrethrum; LOFTP: Tubular flowers length of A.P var. pyrethrum; LAFTP: Tubular flowers Width of A.P var. pyrethrum; LORD: root length of A.P var. depressus; LARD: Root Width of A.P var. depressus; FNRD: Number of branches/individual of A.P var. depressus; NCD: Number of capitula/individual of A.P var. depressus; LOCD: capitula length of A.P var. depressus; LACD: capitula Width of A.P var. depressus; NFLD: Ligulate flowers Number/capitula of A.P var. depressus; LAFLD: Ligulate flowers Width of A.P var. depreessus; LOFLD: Ligulate flowers length of A.P var. depressus; NFTD: Tubular flowers Number/capitula of A.P var. depressus; LOFTD: Tubular flowers length of A.P var. depressus; LAFTD: Tubular flowers Width of A.P var. depressus.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Phylogenetic tree of the two varieties Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (MZ900911) and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (MZ900912) constructed using the maximum likelihood method based on the rbcL (Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase) gene.
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