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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2023 Jul 10;15(14):3092.
doi: 10.3390/nu15143092.

Effect of Isocaloric Meals on Postprandial Glycemic and Metabolic Markers in Type 1 Diabetes-A Randomized Crossover Trial

Afroditi Alexandra Barouti  1   2 , Anneli Björklund  1   2 , Sergiu Bogdan Catrina  1   2 , Kerstin Brismar  1 , Neda Rajamand Ekberg  1   2
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Isocaloric Meals on Postprandial Glycemic and Metabolic Markers in Type 1 Diabetes-A Randomized Crossover Trial

Afroditi Alexandra Barouti et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of four isocaloric meals with different macronutrient compositions on postprandial blood glucose, lipids, and glucagon in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Seventeen subjects tested four isocaloric meals in a randomized crossover design. The meal compositions were as follows: high-carbohydrate (HC); high-carbohydrate with extra fiber (HC-fiber); low-carbohydrate high-protein (HP); and low-carbohydrate high-fat (HF). Blood glucose and lipid measurements were collected up to 4 h and glucagon up to 3 h postprandially. Mean postprandial glucose excursions were lower after the HP compared to the HC (p = 0.036) and HC-fiber meals (p = 0.002). There were no differences in mean glucose excursions after the HF meal compared to the HC and HP meals. The HF meal resulted in higher triglyceride excursions compared to the HP meal (p < 0.001) but not compared to the HC or HC-fiber meals. Glucagon excursions were higher at 180 min after the HP meal compared to the HC and HF meals. In conclusion, the low-carbohydrate HP meal showed the most favorable glycemic and metabolic effects during a 4 h postprandial period in subjects with T1D.

Keywords: glucagon; isocaloric meals; macronutrients; postprandial glycemia; triglycerides; type 1 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean glucose excursions (±SEM) by meal type from −5 to 240 min in the T1D group (a) and control group (b).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean lipid excursions (±SEM) by meal type from −5 to 240 min in the T1D group (a,c,e,g) and control group (b,d,f,h).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean lipid excursions (±SEM) by meal type from −5 to 240 min in the T1D group (a,c,e,g) and control group (b,d,f,h).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean lipid excursions (±SEM) by meal type from −5 to 240 min in the T1D group (a,c,e,g) and control group (b,d,f,h).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mean glucagon excursions (±SEM) by meal type from −5 to 180 min in the T1D group (a) and control group (b).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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